open access

Vol 49, No 4 (2011)
Review paper
Submitted: 2012-01-16
Published online: 2012-01-16
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Bone as a source of organism vitality and regeneration

Zygmunt Mackiewicz, Wiesława Ewa Niklińska, Jolanta Kowalewska, Lech Chyczewski
DOI: 10.5603/FHC.2011.0079
·
Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2011;49(4):558-569.

open access

Vol 49, No 4 (2011)
REVIEW
Submitted: 2012-01-16
Published online: 2012-01-16

Abstract

The most important features that determine the vital role of bone include: a) a continuous supply of calcium, which is indispensible for every cell of the entire organism at all times, and b) the delivery of circulating blood cells and some adult stem cells to keep the body vigorous, ready for self-reparation, and continuously rebuilding throughout life. These functions of bones are no less important than protecting the body cavities, serving as mechanical levers connected to the muscles, and determining the shape and dimensions of the entire organism. The aim of this review was to address some basic cellular and molecular knowledge to better understand the complex interactions of bone structural components. The apprehension of osteoblast differentiation and its local regulation has substantially increased in recent years. It has been suggested that osteocytes, cells within the bone matrix, act as regulatory mechanosensors. Therefore immobility as well as limited activity has a dramatic effect on bone structure and influences a broad spectrum of bone physiology-related functions as well as the functions of many other organs. Lifelong bone rebuilding is modulated through several pathways, including the Wnt pathway that regulates bone formation and resorption. In the adult skeleton, bone is continuously renewed in response to a variety of stimuli, such as the specific process of remodeling dependent on RANK/ /RANKL/OPG interactions. Better understanding of bone biology provides opportunities for the development of more effective prevention and treatment modalities for a variety of bone diseases, including new approaches to adult stem cell-based therapies. (Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2011; Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 558–569)

Abstract

The most important features that determine the vital role of bone include: a) a continuous supply of calcium, which is indispensible for every cell of the entire organism at all times, and b) the delivery of circulating blood cells and some adult stem cells to keep the body vigorous, ready for self-reparation, and continuously rebuilding throughout life. These functions of bones are no less important than protecting the body cavities, serving as mechanical levers connected to the muscles, and determining the shape and dimensions of the entire organism. The aim of this review was to address some basic cellular and molecular knowledge to better understand the complex interactions of bone structural components. The apprehension of osteoblast differentiation and its local regulation has substantially increased in recent years. It has been suggested that osteocytes, cells within the bone matrix, act as regulatory mechanosensors. Therefore immobility as well as limited activity has a dramatic effect on bone structure and influences a broad spectrum of bone physiology-related functions as well as the functions of many other organs. Lifelong bone rebuilding is modulated through several pathways, including the Wnt pathway that regulates bone formation and resorption. In the adult skeleton, bone is continuously renewed in response to a variety of stimuli, such as the specific process of remodeling dependent on RANK/ /RANKL/OPG interactions. Better understanding of bone biology provides opportunities for the development of more effective prevention and treatment modalities for a variety of bone diseases, including new approaches to adult stem cell-based therapies. (Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2011; Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 558–569)
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Keywords

bone; bone-derived adult stem cells; osteoblasts; osteocytes; osteoclasts; osteoporosis

About this article
Title

Bone as a source of organism vitality and regeneration

Journal

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

Issue

Vol 49, No 4 (2011)

Article type

Review paper

Pages

558-569

Published online

2012-01-16

Page views

2373

Article views/downloads

2548

DOI

10.5603/FHC.2011.0079

Bibliographic record

Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2011;49(4):558-569.

Keywords

bone
bone-derived adult stem cells
osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts
osteoporosis

Authors

Zygmunt Mackiewicz
Wiesława Ewa Niklińska
Jolanta Kowalewska
Lech Chyczewski

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