Vol 49, No 2 (2011)
Original paper
Published online: 2011-07-11
Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) induces apoptosis or necrosis, but has no major influence on the cell cycle of Jurkat cells
DOI: 10.5603/FHC.2011.0031
Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2011;49(2):225-230.
Abstract
Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a cationic detergent with a very slow turnover. Because of its strong
antibacterial activities, BAK is widely used especially in dentistry and ophthalmology. It is the most commonly
used preservative in topical ophthalmic medications. Due to chronicity and widespread use of such treatments,
BAK’s side effects are of great importance. BAK toxicity for adherent cells, probably related to its pro-oxidative
activities, is time- and dose-dependent. Although lymphocytes often infiltrate superficial eye tissues, the BAK
influence on them is yet to be established. The aim of this study was to check BAK cytotoxicity on T lymphocytic
Jurkat line cells and to verify the suggestion that BAK can induce G2M cell blocks. A dose- and time-dependent
cytotoxic effect of BAK on lymphoid cells in relatively low concentrations was shown in this study. In lower
concentrations, it shows a moderate apoptotic and minimal antiproliferative effect on Jurkat cells, while in
higher concentrations it shows a rapid necrotic effect. No G2M cell blocks were observed. Our findings could
suggest lymphoid dysfunction during intensive, prolonged topical BAK treatment, even at dosages relatively
non-toxic to epithelial eye cells. (Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2011; Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 225–230)
Keywords: BACtoxicityapoptosisnecrosisviabilitycell cycleproliferationcorneaconjunctivain vitro
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