The FTO gene is not associated with weight gain during six years of observation in the population of the PURE study in Poland
, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 1
Abstract
Introduction: We present the first longitudinal study in Poland analysing the association between fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) polymorphism and changes in anthropometric parameters. Material and methods: 1120 participants of the Prospective Urban Rural (PURE) study in Poland (mean age 53.7 years) were genotyped for FTO gene polymorphism (rs9939609, rs9930506, rs1421085, rs1121980). Anthropometric parameters were measured at three time points (baseline, after three years, and after six years of observation). Results: The mean body mass index (BMI) in the study group was 28 kg/m2. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean weight, BMI, and waist size during the six years (p ≈ 0). Although males initially weighed more than females (p = 0), over the whole six-year period women had a greater tendency to increase in weight (p = 0.068), BMI (p = 0.014), and waist size (p = 0.041). Subjects with at least one A allele at rs9939609 initially weighed more on average (77.5 vs. 74.7 kg, p = 0.027) and had a greater waist size (92 vs. 89.5 cm, p = 0.025) than those with the TT genotype. The differences in baseline results were more expressed in males than in females. There is no association between the changes in anthropometric parameters over the whole study period of six years and the FTO gene. Conclusions: FTO gene polymorphism is associated with anthropometric parameters in participants from the PURE study in Poland. However, there is no association between the presence of risk alleles and changes of anthropometric parameters over six years of observation.
Keywords: FTO genepolymorphismobesityweight gainlongitudinal study
References
- Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014; 384(9945): 766–781.
- Zhao Xu, Yang Y, Sun BF, et al. FTO-dependent demethylation of N6-methyladenosine regulates mRNA splicing and is required for adipogenesis. Cell Res. 2014; 24(12): 1403–1419.
- Ranzenhofer LM, Mayer LES, Davis HA, et al. The FTO Gene and Measured Food Intake in 5- to 10-Year-Old Children Without Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2019; 27(6): 1023–1029.
- Tanofsky-Kraff M, Han JC, Anandalingam K, et al. The FTO gene rs9939609 obesity-risk allele and loss of control over eating. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009; 90(6): 1483–1488.
- Karra E, O'Daly OG, Choudhury AI, et al. A link between FTO, ghrelin, and impaired brain food-cue responsivity. J Clin Invest. 2013; 123(8): 3539–3551.
- Kühn AB, Feis DL, Schilbach L, et al. FTO gene variant modulates the neural correlates of visual food perception. Neuroimage. 2016; 128: 21–31.
- Dina C, Meyre D, Gallina S, et al. Variation in FTO contributes to childhood obesity and severe adult obesity. Nat Genet. 2007; 39(6): 724–726.
- Fonseca AC, Marchesini B, Zembrzuski VM, et al. Genetic variants in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene confer risk for extreme obesity and modulate adiposity in a Brazilian population. Genet Mol Biol. 2020; 43(1): e20180264.
- Chang YC, Liu PH, Lee WJ, et al. Common variation in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene confers risk of obesity and modulates BMI in the Chinese population. Diabetes. 2008; 57(8): 2245–2252.
- Jess T, Zimmermann E, Kring SII, et al. Impact on weight dynamics and general growth of the common FTO rs9939609: a longitudinal Danish cohort study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008; 32(9): 1388–1394.
- Kvaløy K, Holmen J, Hveem K, et al. Genetic Effects on Longitudinal Changes from Healthy to Adverse Weight and Metabolic Status — The HUNT Study. PLoS One. 2015; 10(10): e0139632.
- Hakanen M, Raitakari OT, Lehtimäki T, et al. FTO genotype is associated with body mass index after the age of seven years but not with energy intake or leisure-time physical activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 94(4): 1281–1287.
- Hardy R, Wills AK, Wong A, et al. Life course variations in the associations between FTO and MC4R gene variants and body size. Hum Mol Genet. 2010; 19(3): 545–552.
- Stepaniak U, Micek A, Waśkiewicz A, et al. Prevalence of general and abdominal obesity and overweight among adults in Poland. Results of the WOBASZ II study (2013-2014) and comparison with the WOBASZ study (2003-2005). Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2016; 126(9): 662–671.
- Teo K, Chow CK, Vaz M, et al. PURE Investigators-Writing Group. The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study: examining the impact of societal influences on chronic noncommunicable diseases in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Am Heart J. 2009; 158(1): 1–7.e1.
- Kolačkov K, Łaczmański Ł, Lwow F, et al. The Frequencies of Haplotypes of FTO Gene Variants and Their Association with the Distribution of Body Fat in Non-Obese Poles. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2016; 25(1): 33–42.
- Sobalska-Kwapis M, Suchanecka A, Słomka M, et al. Genetic association of FTO/IRX region with obesity and overweight in the Polish population. PLoS One. 2017; 12(6): e0180295.
- Zdrojowy-Wełna A, Zatońska K, Bednarek-Tupikowska G, et al. Determinants of obesity in population of PURE study from Lower Silesia. Endokrynol Pol. 2018; 69(6): 644–652.
- Haworth CMA, Carnell S, Meaburn EL, et al. Increasing heritability of BMI and stronger associations with the FTO gene over childhood. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008; 16(12): 2663–2668.
- Qi Lu, Kang K, Zhang C, et al. Fat mass-and obesity-associated (FTO) gene variant is associated with obesity: longitudinal analyses in two cohort studies and functional test. Diabetes. 2008; 57(11): 3145–3151.
- Zdrojowy-Wełna A, Bednarek-Tupikowska G, Zatońska K, et al. The association between FTO gene polymorphism rs9939609 and obesity is sex-specific in the population of PURE study in Poland. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2020; 29(1): 25–32.
