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Vol 70, No 6 (2019)
Review paper
Submitted: 2019-02-13
Accepted: 2019-08-21
Published online: 2019-12-20
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The role of sodium phosphate cotransporters in ectopic calcification
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Affiliations- Fundación Instituto de Investigación sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
open access
Vol 70, No 6 (2019)
Review Article
Submitted: 2019-02-13
Accepted: 2019-08-21
Published online: 2019-12-20
Abstract
Phosphate plays a critical role in many vital cellular processes. Deviations from normal serum phosphate levels, including alterations in the extracellular phosphate/pyrophosphate ratio, can cause severe consequences, such as ectopic calcification. Cellular phosphate levels are tightly controlled by sodium phosphate cotransporters, underscoring their importance in cellular physiology. The role of sodium phosphate cotransporters in ectopic calcification requires further elucidation, taking into account their important role in the control of intracellular phosphate levels and the synthesis of ATP, the main source of extracellular pyrophosphate (a potent endogenous inhibitor of calcification). In this review, we discuss the roles of phosphate and pyrophosphate homeostasis in ectopic calcification, with a specific focus on phosphate transporters. We concentrate on the five known sodium-dependent phosphate transporters and review their localisation and regulation by external factors, and the effects observed in knockout studies and in naturally occurring mutations.
Abstract
Phosphate plays a critical role in many vital cellular processes. Deviations from normal serum phosphate levels, including alterations in the extracellular phosphate/pyrophosphate ratio, can cause severe consequences, such as ectopic calcification. Cellular phosphate levels are tightly controlled by sodium phosphate cotransporters, underscoring their importance in cellular physiology. The role of sodium phosphate cotransporters in ectopic calcification requires further elucidation, taking into account their important role in the control of intracellular phosphate levels and the synthesis of ATP, the main source of extracellular pyrophosphate (a potent endogenous inhibitor of calcification). In this review, we discuss the roles of phosphate and pyrophosphate homeostasis in ectopic calcification, with a specific focus on phosphate transporters. We concentrate on the five known sodium-dependent phosphate transporters and review their localisation and regulation by external factors, and the effects observed in knockout studies and in naturally occurring mutations.
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Keywords
phosphate; ectopic calcification; pyrophosphate; transporters; ATP
About this articleTitle
The role of sodium phosphate cotransporters in ectopic calcification
Journal
Issue
Article type
Review paper
Pages
496-503
Published online
2019-12-20
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1534
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961
DOI
Pubmed
Bibliographic record
Endokrynol Pol 2019;70(6):496-503.
Keywords
phosphate
ectopic calcification
pyrophosphate
transporters
ATP
Authors
Sergio Gonzalo
Ricardo Villa-Bellosta
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