Probiotics for experimental obesity prevention: focus on strain dependence and viability of composition
Abstract
Introduction: a comparative animal study of the efficacy of intermittent short-course administration of lyophilised single-, three-, and live multistrain probiotic on obesity.
Methods: We included 70 rats divided into seven groups (n = 10 in each). Rats of group I were intact. Newborn rats of groups II–VII were injected with monosodium glutamate (MSG) (4 mg/g). Rats of group II (MSG-obesity group) were untreated. The group III-V received lyophilised monoprobiotics B. animalis VKL, B. animalis VKB, and L. casei IMVB-7280, respectively. Group VI received the mix of these three probiotic strains. Group VII was treated with multiprobiotic “Symbiter”, which contains 14 live probiotic strains (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Propionibacterium, Acetobacter genera).
Results: Neonatal treatment with MSG caused stunted growth, which is why, despite the lack of weight gain dynamics and absence of significant food consumption rate and body weight changes at day 120, we noted the development of obesity in all MSG-obesity rats and in up to 20–70% after probiotic administration. Supplementation of probiotic composition, with preference to live strains, led to a significantly lower prevalence of obesity, and reduction of VAT weight and serum lipid levels as compared to single-strain probiotic. In our comparative single-strain analysis a trend towards more pronounced hypolipidaemic effect and VAT weight reduction was observed for lyophilised L. casei IMVB-7280 as compared to B. animalis VKL and VKB strains.
Conclusions: Multistrain formed mutualistic interactions in mixtures and therefore able to share with different metabolites, affect different receptors and produced various of biologically active compounds which synergistic overall effect greater than the sum of the single effects.
Keywords: obesitylyophilised and alive probiotic strainsLactobacillusBifidobacteriummultistrain probiotics
References
- World Health Organization Obesity. http://www.who.int/topics/obesity/en/ (26 June 2015).
- Kobyliak N, Conte C, Cammarota G, et al. Probiotics in prevention and treatment of obesity: a critical view. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2016; 13: 14.
- Wolf KJ, Lorenz RG. Gut Microbiota and Obesity. Curr Obes Rep. 2012; 1(1): 1–8.
- Kobyliak N, Virchenko O, Falalyeyeva T. Pathophysiological role of host microbiota in the development of obesity. Nutr J. 2016; 15: 43.
- Tilg H, Kaser A. Gut microbiome, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction. J Clin Invest. 2011; 121(6): 2126–2132.
- Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Ramirez B, et al. Proinflammatory cytokines in obesity: impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus and gastric bypass. Obes Surg. 2007; 17(11): 1464–1474.
- Bäckhed F, Ding H, Wang T, et al. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101(44): 15718–15723.
- Sanchez M, Panahi S, Tremblay A. Childhood obesity: a role for gut microbiota? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014; 12(1): 162–175.
- Kobyliak N, Falalyeyeva T, Bodnar P, et al. Probiotics Supplemented with Omega-3 Fatty Acids are More Effective for Hepatic Steatosis Reduction in an Animal Model of Obesity. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2017; 9(2): 123–130.
- Kim SW, Park KY, Kim B, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG improves insulin sensitivity and reduces adiposity in high-fat diet-fed mice through enhancement of adiponectin production. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013; 431(2): 258–263.
- Luoto R, Laitinen K, Nermes M, et al. Impact of maternal probiotic-supplemented dietary counseling during pregnancy on colostrum adiponectin concentration: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Early Hum Dev. 2012; 88(6): 339–344.
- Cani PD, Van Hul M. Novel opportunities for next-generation probiotics targeting metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2015; 32: 21–27.
- Kondro M, Mykhalchyshyn G, Bodnar P, et al. Metabolic profile and morpho-functional state of the liver in rats with glutamate-induced obesity. Curr Issues Pharm Med Sci. 2013; 26(4): 379–381.
- Kobyliak N, Falalyeyeva T, Virchenko O, et al. Comparative experimental investigation on the efficacy of mono- and multiprobiotic strains in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease prevention. BMC Gastroenterol. 2016; 16: 34.
- Kobyliak N, Abenavoli L, Falalyeyeva T, et al. Prevention of NAFLD development in rats with obesity via the improvement of pro/antioxidant state by cerium dioxide nanoparticles. Clujul Med. 2016; 89(2): 229–235.
- Novelli ELB, Diniz YS, Galhardi CM, et al. Anthropometrical parameters and markers of obesity in rats. Lab Anim. 2007; 41(1): 111–119.
- Bernardis LL, Patterson BD. Correlation between 'Lee index' and carcass fat content in weanling and adult female rats with hypothalamic lesions. J Endocrinol. 1968; 40(4): 527–528.
- Savcheniuk O, Kobyliak N, Kondro M, et al. Short-term periodic consumption of multiprobiotic from childhood improves insulin sensitivity, prevents development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and adiposity in adult rats with glutamate-induced obesity. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014; 14: 247.
- Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 1957; 226(1): 497–509.
- Park JE, Oh SH, Cha YS. Lactobacillus plantarum LG42 isolated from gajami sik-hae decreases body and fat pad weights in diet-induced obese mice. J Appl Microbiol. 2014; 116(1): 145–156.
- Kang JH, Yun SI, Park MH, et al. Anti-obesity effect of Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 in high-sucrose diet-induced obese mice. PLoS One. 2013; 8(1): e54617.
- Miyoshi M, Ogawa A, Higurashi S, et al. Anti-obesity effect of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 accompanied by inhibition of pro-inflammatory gene expression in the visceral adipose tissue in diet-induced obese mice. Eur J Nutr. 2014; 53(2): 599–606.
- Park DY, Ahn YT, Park SH, et al. Supplementation of Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 in diet-induced obese mice is associated with gut microbial changes and reduction in obesity. PLoS One. 2013; 8(3): e59470.
- Yonejima Y, Ushida K, Mori Y. Lactobacillus gasseri NT decreased visceral fat through enhancement of lipid excretion in feces of KK-A(y) mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2013; 77(11): 2312–2315.
- Hamad EM, Sato M, Uzu K, et al. Milk fermented by Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 influences adipocyte size via inhibition of dietary fat absorption in Zucker rats. Br J Nutr. 2009; 101(5): 716–724.
- Fåk F, Bäckhed F. Lactobacillus reuteri prevents diet-induced obesity, but not atherosclerosis, in a strain dependent fashion in Apoe-/- mice. PLoS One. 2012; 7(10): e46837.
- Wang J, Tang H, Zhang C, et al. Modulation of gut microbiota during probiotic-mediated attenuation of metabolic syndrome in high fat diet-fed mice. ISME J. 2015; 9(1): 1–15.
- An HMi, Park SY, Lee DoK, et al. Antiobesity and lipid-lowering effects of Bifidobacterium spp. in high fat diet-induced obese rats. Lipids Health Dis. 2011; 10: 116.
- Chen J, Wang R, Li XF, et al. Bifidobacterium adolescentis supplementation ameliorates visceral fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity in an experimental model of the metabolic syndrome. Br J Nutr. 2012; 107(10): 1429–1434.
- Kondo S, Xiao JZ, Satoh T, et al. Antiobesity effects of Bifidobacterium breve strain B-3 supplementation in a mouse model with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010; 74(8): 1656–1661.
- Stenman LK, Waget A, Garret C, et al. Potential probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 prevents weight gain and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese mice. Benef Microbes. 2014; 5(4): 437–445.
- Yin YN, Yu QF, Fu N, et al. Effects of four Bifidobacteria on obesity in high-fat diet induced rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2010; 16(27): 3394–3401.
- Nova E, Pérez de Heredia F, Gómez-Martínez S, et al. The Role of Probiotics on the Microbiota: Effect on Obesity. Nutr Clin Pract. 2016; 31(3): 387–400.