Online first
Review Article
Published online: 2025-01-08

open access

Page views 295
Article views/downloads 159
Get Citation

Connect on Social Media

Connect on Social Media

Maintenance therapy with a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor after cangrelor in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The ELECTRA-SIRIO 2 investigators’ viewpoint

Jacek Kubica1, Piotr Adamski1, Robert Gajda2, Aldona Kubica3, Małgorzata Ostrowska1, Gavino Casu4, Diana A. Gorog56, Paul A. Gurbel7, Tomasz Hajdukiewicz8, Miłosz Jaguszewski9, Young-Hoon Jeong1011, Agata Kosobucka-Ozdoba3, Zuzana Motovska12, Piotr Niezgoda1, Maciej Piasecki1, Przemysław Podhajski1, Paolo Raggi13, Uzeyir Rahimov14, Jolanta M. Siller-Matula1516, Grzegorz Skonieczny17, Łukasz Szarpak1819, Paweł Szymański20, Udaya Tantry21, Eliano P. Navarese22
Pubmed: 39776051

Abstract

According to the ESC guidelines, cangrelor may be considered in P2Y12-inhibitor-naïve acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this review is to summarize available evidence on the optimal maintenance therapy with P2Y12 receptor inhibitor after cangrelor. Transitioning from cangrelor to a thienopyridine, but not ticagrelor, can be associated with a drug-drug interaction (DDI); therefore, a ticagrelor loading dose (LD) can be given any time before, during, or at the end of a cangrelor infusion, while a LD of clopidogrel or prasugrel should be administered at the time the infusion of cangrelor ends or within 30 minutes before the end of infusion in the case of a LD of prasugrel. Administration of any oral antiplatelet agent at the end of a cangrelor infusion will also result in a transient period of increased platelet reactivity. The inter-individual variability of this period is difficult to predict because it depends on many factors related to the patient and the treatment. In addition, experimental studies indicate that cangrelor may exert a cardioprotective effect beyond the blockade of platelet aggregation. Considering the available data, the potential use of cangrelor in ACS patients goes well beyond the current indications. Furthermore, we believe that it might be prudent to avoid use of thienopyridines during and soon after a cangrelor infusion until conclusive data on the effect of the DDI on the clinical outcome are available. On the other hand, ticagrelor seems to be an optimal oral agent for continuation of P2Y12 inhibition in patients receiving cangrelor infusion.

Article available in PDF format

View PDF Download PDF file

References

  1. Collet JP, Thiele H, Barbato E, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2021; 42(14): 1289–1367.
  2. Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2023; 44(38): 3720–3826.
  3. Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al. TRITON-TIMI 38 Investigators. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357(20): 2001–2015.
  4. Wallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A, et al. PLATO Investigators. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2009; 361(11): 1045–1057.
  5. Kubica J, Adamski P, Paciorek P, et al. Treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome: Recommendations for medical emergency teams: Focus on antiplatelet therapies. Updated experts' standpoint. Cardiol J. 2018; 25(3): 291–300.
  6. Kubica J, Adamski P, Ładny JR, et al. Pre-hospital treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome: Recommendations for medical emergency teams. Expert position update 2022. Cardiol J. 2022; 29(4): 540–552.
  7. Hudzik B, Błachut A, Lesiak M, et al. Summary of the European Society of Cardiology guidelines on dual antiplatelet therapy in patients after percutaneous coronary interventions. Kardiol Pol. 2022; 80(10): 974–989.
  8. Adamski P, Sikora J, Laskowska E, et al. Comparison of bioavailability and antiplatelet action of ticagrelor in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A prospective, observational, single-centre study. PLoS One. 2017; 12(10): e0186013.
  9. Agrawal K, Bhatt DL. Antiplatelet therapy: Does prasugrel or ticagrelor suffice in patients with STEMI? Nat Rev Cardiol. 2013; 10(3): 121–122.
  10. Schoergenhofer C, Hobl EL, Staudinger T, et al. Prasugrel in critically ill patients. Thromb Haemost. 2017; 117(8): 1582–1587.
  11. Adamski P, Buszko K, Sikora J, et al. Determinants of high platelet reactivity in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with ticagrelor. Sci Rep. 2019; 9(1): 3924.
  12. Aradi D, Collet JP, Mair J, et al. Study Group on Biomarkers in Cardiology of the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Working Group on Thrombosis of the European Society of Cardiology. Platelet function testing in acute cardiac care - is there a role for prediction or prevention of stent thrombosis and bleeding? Thromb Haemost. 2015; 113(2): 221–230.
  13. Kubica J, Pstrągowski K, Adamski P, et al. Mild therapeutic hypothermia for patients with acute coronary syndrome and cardiac arrest treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (UNICORN). The design and rationale for the prospective, observational, multicenter study. Medical Research Journal. 2016; 1(1): 23–27.
  14. Umińska JM, Ratajczak J, Buszko K, et al. Impact of mild therapeutic hypothermia on bioavailability of ticagrelor in patients with acute myocardial infarction after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Cardiol J. 2020; 27(6): 780–788.
  15. Bednar F, Kroupa J, Ondrakova M, et al. Antiplatelet efficacy of P2Y12 inhibitors (prasugrel, ticagrelor, clopidogrel) in patients treated with mild therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest due to acute myocardial infarction. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2016; 41(4): 549–555.
  16. Flierl U, Röntgen P, Zauner F, et al. Platelet inhibition with prasugrel in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing therapeutic hypothermia after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Thromb Haemost. 2016; 115(5): 960–968.
  17. Umińska JM, Ratajczak J, Pstrągowski K, et al. The impact of mild therapeutic hypothermia on platelet reactivity in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest with acute myocardial infarction treated with ticagrelor. Cardiol J. 2024; 31(3): 472–478.
  18. Kubica J, Adamski P, Ostrowska M, et al. Morphine delays and attenuates ticagrelor exposure and action in patients with myocardial infarction: the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled IMPRESSION trial. Eur Heart J. 2016; 37(3): 245–252.
  19. Kubica J, Kubica A, Jilma B, et al. Impact of morphine on antiplatelet effects of oral P2Y12 receptor inhibitors. Int J Cardiol. 2016; 215: 201–208.
  20. Bartko J, Schoergenhofer C, Schwameis M, et al. Morphine Interaction with Aspirin: a Double-Blind, Crossover Trial in Healthy Volunteers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2018; 365(2): 430–436.
  21. Kubica J, Adamski P, Ostrowska M, et al. Influence of Morphine on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Ticagrelor in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (IMPRESSION): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2015; 16: 198.
  22. Siller-Matula JM, Specht S, Kubica J, et al. Abciximab as a bridging strategy to overcome morphine-prasugrel interaction in STEMI patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016; 82(5): 1343–1350.
  23. Ferreiro JL, Ueno M, Angiolillo DJ. Cangrelor: a review on its mechanism of action and clinical development. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2009; 7(10): 1195–1201.
  24. Akers WS, Oh JJ, Oestreich JH, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a bolus and infusion of cangrelor: a direct, parenteral P2Y12 receptor antagonist. J Clin Pharmacol. 2010; 50(1): 27–35.
  25. Adamski P, Adamska U, Ostrowska M, et al. New directions for pharmacotherapy in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2016; 17(17): 2291–2306.
  26. Kubica J, Kozinski M, Navarese EP, et al. Cangrelor: an emerging therapeutic option for patients with coronary artery disease. Curr Med Res Opin. 2014; 30(5): 813–828.
  27. Bhatt DL, Lincoff AM, Gibson CM, et al. CHAMPION PLATFORM Investigators. Intravenous platelet blockade with cangrelor during PCI. N Engl J Med. 2009; 361(24): 2330–2341.
  28. Harrington RA, Stone GW, McNulty S, et al. Platelet inhibition with cangrelor in patients undergoing PCI. N Engl J Med. 2009; 361(24): 2318–2329.
  29. Tantry U, Chaudhary R, Kubica J, et al. Cangrelor for the treatment of patients with Arterial Thrombosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2018; 19(12): 1389–1398.
  30. Niezgoda P, Ostrowska M, Adamski P, et al. Pretreatment with P2Y Receptor Inhibitors in Acute Coronary Syndromes-Is the Current Standpoint of ESC Experts Sufficiently Supported? J Clin Med. 2023; 12(6).
  31. Kangrexal EPAR summary for the public . https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/kengrexal (15.05.2023).
  32. Lawton JS, Tamis-Holland JE, Bangalore S, et al. Writing Committee Members. 2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Coronary Artery Revascularization: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022; 79(2): e21–e2e129.
  33. Cangrelor United States full prescribing information. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/204958lbl.pdf (15.05.2023).
  34. Valgimigli M, Bueno H, Byrne RA, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG), ESC National Cardiac Societies. 2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2018; 39(3): 213–260.
  35. Montalescot G, van 't Hof AW, Lapostolle F, et al. ATLANTIC Investigators. Prehospital ticagrelor in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2014; 371(11): 1016–1027.
  36. Silvain J, Storey RF, Cayla G, et al. P2Y12 receptor inhibition and effect of morphine in patients undergoing primary PCI for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The PRIVATE-ATLANTIC study. Thromb Haemost. 2016; 116(2): 369–378.
  37. Lapostolle F, Van't Hof AW, Hamm CW, et al. ATLANTIC Investigators. Morphine and Ticagrelor Interaction in Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: ATLANTIC-Morphine. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2019; 19(2): 173–183.
  38. Ostrowska M, Kubica J, Adamski P, et al. Stratified Approaches to Antiplatelet Therapies Based on Platelet Reactivity Testing. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2019; 6: 176.
  39. Adamski P, Adamska U, Ostrowska M, et al. Evaluating current and emerging antithrombotic therapy currently available for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome in geriatric populations. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2018; 19(13): 1415–1425.
  40. Yang XM, Liu Y, Cui L, et al. Platelet P2Y₁₂ blockers confer direct postconditioning-like protection in reperfused rabbit hearts. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2013; 18(3): 251–262.
  41. Yang XM, Liu Y, Cui L, et al. Two classes of anti-platelet drugs reduce anatomical infarct size in monkey hearts. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2013; 27(2): 109–115.
  42. Adamski P, Koziński M, Ostrowska M, et al. Overview of pleiotropic effects of platelet P2Y12 receptor inhibitors. Thromb Haemost. 2014; 112(2): 224–242.
  43. Angiolillo DJ, Rollini F, Storey RF, et al. International Expert Consensus on Switching Platelet P2Y Receptor-Inhibiting Therapies. Circulation. 2017; 136(20): 1955–1975.
  44. Schneider DJ, Agarwal Z, Seecheran N, et al. Pharmacodynamic effects during the transition between cangrelor and ticagrelor. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2014; 7(4): 435–442.
  45. Schneider DJ, Seecheran N, Raza SS, et al. Pharmacodynamic effects during the transition between cangrelor and prasugrel. Coron Artery Dis. 2015; 26(1): 42–48.
  46. Steinhubl SR, Oh JJ, Oestreich JH, et al. Transitioning patients from cangrelor to clopidogrel: pharmacodynamic evidence of a competitive effect. Thromb Res. 2008; 121(4): 527–534.
  47. Dovlatova NL, Jakubowski JA, Sugidachi A, et al. The reversible P2Y antagonist cangrelor influences the ability of the active metabolites of clopidogrel and prasugrel to produce irreversible inhibition of platelet function. J Thromb Haemost. 2008; 6(7): 1153–1159.
  48. Karaźniewicz-Łada M, Danielak D, Burchardt P, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel and its metabolites in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2014; 53(2): 155–164.
  49. Wang H, Qi J, Li Yi, et al. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes and chronic kidney disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018; 84(1): 88–96.
  50. Dobesh PP. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prasugrel, a thienopyridine P2Y12 inhibitor. Pharmacotherapy. 2009; 29(9): 1089–1102.
  51. Judge HM, Buckland RJ, Jakubowski JA, et al. Cangrelor inhibits the binding of the active metabolites of clopidogrel and prasugrel to P2Y12 receptors in vitro. Platelets. 2016; 27(3): 191–195.
  52. Rymer JA, Bhatt DL, Angiolillo DJ, et al. Cangrelor Use Patterns and Transition to Oral P2Y Inhibitors Among Patients With Myocardial Infarction: Initial Results From the CAMEO Registry. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022; 11(11): e024513.
  53. Ravnefjord A, Weilitz J, Emanuelsson BM, et al. Evaluation of ticagrelor pharmacodynamic interactions with reversibly binding or non-reversibly binding P2Y(12) antagonists in an ex-vivo canine model. Thromb Res. 2012; 130(4): 622–628.
  54. Adamski P, Skonieczny G, Hajdukiewicz T, et al. Reversal of Platelet Inhibition in Patients Receiving Ticagrelor. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2022; 23(9): 300.
  55. Schneider DJ. Transition strategies from cangrelor to oral platelet P2Y12 receptor antagonists. Coron Artery Dis. 2016; 27(1): 65–69.