Advanced search

Vol 31, No 1 (2024)
Experts' Viewpoint
Published online: 2023-12-29

open access

View PDF Download PDF file
Page views 913
Article views/downloads 483
Get Citation

Connect on Social Media

Connect on Social Media

Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hyperuricemia and high cardiovascular risk: 2023 update

Claudio Borghi1, Justyna Domienik-Karłowicz2, Andrzej Tykarski3, Krzysztof J. Filipiak45, Milosz J. Jaguszewski6, Krzysztof Narkiewicz7, Marcin Barylski8, Artur Mamcarz9, Jacek Wolf7, Giuseppe Mancia10
DOI: 10.5603/cj.98254
Pubmed: 38155566
Cardiol J 2024;31(1):1-14.

Abstract

Not available

Article available in PDF format

View PDF Download PDF file

References

  1. Borghi C, Tykarski A, Widecka K, et al. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of patient with hyperuricemia and high cardiovascular risk. Cardiol J. 2018; 25(5): 545–563.
    CrossRefPubMed
  2. Borghi C, Domienik-Karłowicz J, Tykarski A, et al. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of patient with hyperuricemia and high cardiovascular risk: 2021 update. Cardiol J. 2021; 28(1): 1–14.
    CrossRefPubMed
  3. Bannasch D, Safra N, Young A, et al. Mutations in the SLC2A9 gene cause hyperuricosuria and hyperuricemia in the dog. PLoS Genet. 2008; 4(11): e1000246.
    CrossRefPubMed
  4. Bobulescu IA, Moe OW. Renal transport of uric acid: evolving concepts and uncertainties. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2012; 19(6): 358–371.
    CrossRefPubMed
  5. Zhu Y, Pandya BJ, Choi HK. Prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the US general population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008. Arthritis Rheum. 2011; 63(10): 3136–3141.
    CrossRefPubMed
  6. Chen-Xu M, Yokose C, Rai SK, et al. Contemporary prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the united states and decadal trends: the national health and nutrition examination survey, 2007-2016. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019; 71(6): 991–999.
    CrossRefPubMed
  7. Centola M, Maloberti A, Castini D, et al. Impact of admission serum acid uric levels on in-hospital outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Eur J Intern Med. 2020; 82: 62–67.
    CrossRefPubMed
  8. Maloberti A, Bossi I, Tassistro E, et al. Uric acid in chronic coronary syndromes: Relationship with coronary artery disease severity and left ventricular diastolic parameter. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021; 31(5): 1501–1508.
    CrossRefPubMed
  9. Maloberti A, Qualliu E, Occhi L, et al. Hyperuricemia prevalence in healthy subjects and its relationship with cardiovascular target organ damage. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021; 31(1): 178–185.
    CrossRefPubMed
  10. Piao W, Zhao L, Yang Y, et al. The prevalence of hyperuricemia and its correlates among adults in China: results from CNHS 2015-2017. Nutrients. 2022; 14(19).
    CrossRefPubMed
  11. Kumar AUA, Browne LD, Li X, et al. Temporal trends in hyperuricaemia in the Irish health system from 2006-2014: A cohort study. PLoS One. 2018; 13(5): e0198197.
    CrossRefPubMed
  12. Tsai CW, Lin SY, Kuo CC, et al. Serum uric acid and progression of kidney disease: a longitudinal analysis and mini-review. PLoS One. 2017; 12(1): e0170393.
    CrossRefPubMed
  13. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. [2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension]. Kardiol Pol. 2019; 77(2): 71–159.
    CrossRefPubMed
  14. Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunström M, et al. 2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension: Endorsed by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) and the European Renal Association (ERA): Erratum. J Hypertens. 2024; 41(12): 1874–2071.
    CrossRefPubMed
  15. Bombelli M, Ronchi I, Volpe M, et al. Prognostic value of serum uric acid: new-onset in and out-of-office hypertension and long-term mortality. J Hypertens. 2014; 32(6): 1237–1244.
    CrossRefPubMed
  16. Virdis A, Masi S, Casiglia E, et al. Identification of the uric acid thresholds predicting an increased total and cardiovascular mortality over 20 years. Hypertension. 2020; 75(2): 302–308.
    CrossRefPubMed
  17. Muiesan ML, Salvetti M, Virdis A, et al. Serum uric acid, predicts heart failure in a large Italian cohort: search for a cut-off value the URic acid Right for heArt Health study. J Hypertens. 2021; 39(1): 62–69.
    CrossRefPubMed
  18. Muiesan ML, Agabiti Rosei C, Paini A, et al. Serum uric acid and left ventricular mass index independently predict cardiovascular mortality: The uric acid right for heart health (URRAH) project. Eur J Intern Med. 2023; 114: 58–65.
    CrossRefPubMed
  19. Masulli M, D'Elia L, Angeli F, et al. Serum uric acid levels threshold for mortality in diabetic individuals: The URic acid Right for heArt Health (URRAH) project. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2022; 32(5): 1245–1252.
    CrossRefPubMed
  20. Ungar A, Rivasi G, Di Bari M, et al. The association of uric acid with mortality modifies at old age: data from the uric acid right for heart health (URRAH) study. J Hypertens. 2022; 40(4): 704–711.
    CrossRefPubMed
  21. Mengozzi A, Pugliese NR, Desideri G, et al. Serum uric acid predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality independently of hypertriglyceridemia in cardiometabolic patients without established CV disease: a sub-analysis of the URic acid Right for heArt Health (URRAH) study. Metabolites. 2023; 13(2).
    CrossRefPubMed
  22. Casiglia E, Tikhonoff V, Virdis A, et al. Serum uric acid and fatal myocardial infarction: detection of prognostic cut-off values: The URRAH (Uric Acid Right for Heart Health) study. J Hypertens. 2020; 38(3): 412–419.
    CrossRefPubMed
  23. Tikhonoff V, Casiglia E, Spinella P, et al. Identification of a plausible serum uric acid cut-off value as prognostic marker of stroke: the Uric Acid Right for Heart Health (URRAH) study. J Hum Hypertens. 2022; 36(11): 976–982.
    CrossRefPubMed
  24. Muszyński P, Dąbrowski EJ, Pasławska M, et al. Hyperuricemia as a risk factor in hypertension among patients with very high cardiovascular risk. Healthcare (Basel). 2023; 11(17).
    CrossRefPubMed
  25. Saito Y, Tanaka A, Node K, et al. Uric acid and cardiovascular disease: a clinical review. J Cardiol. 2021; 78(1): 51–57.
    CrossRefPubMed
  26. Borghi C, Agabiti-Rosei E, Johnson RJ, et al. Hyperuricaemia and gout in cardiovascular, metabolic and kidney disease. Eur J Intern Med. 2020; 80: 1–11.
    CrossRefPubMed
  27. Moshkovits Y, Tiosano S, Kaplan A, et al. Serum uric acid significantly improves the accuracy of cardiovascular risk score models. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2023; 30(7): 524–532.
    CrossRefPubMed
  28. Obrycki Ł, Feber J, Brzezińska G, et al. Evolution of isolated systolic hypertension with normal central blood pressure in adolescents-prospective study. Pediatr Nephrol. 2021; 36(2): 361–371.
    CrossRefPubMed
  29. McEvoy RD, Antic NA, Heeley E, et al. CPAP for prevention of cardiovascular events in obstructive sleep apnea. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375(10): 919–931.
    CrossRefPubMed
  30. Kanbay A, Inonu H, Solak Y, et al. Uric acid as a potential mediator of cardiovascular morbidity in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Eur J Intern Med. 2014; 25(5): 471–476.
    CrossRefPubMed
  31. Chen Q, Lin G, Chen L, et al. Does continuous positive airway pressure therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea improves uric acid? A meta-analysis. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019; 2019: 4584936.
    CrossRefPubMed
  32. Wang A, Tian X, Wu S, et al. Metabolic factors mediate the association between serum uric acid to serum creatinine ratio and cardiovascular disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021; 10(23): e023054.
    CrossRefPubMed
  33. Maloberti A, Biolcati M, Ruzzenenti G, et al. The role of uric acid in acute and chronic coronary syndromes. J Clin Med. 2021; 10(20).
    CrossRefPubMed
  34. Mackenzie IS, Ford I, Walker A, et al. Multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded end point trial of the efficacy of allopurinol therapy in improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with ischaemic heart disease: protocol of the ALL-HEART study. BMJ Open. 2016; 6(9): e013774.
    CrossRefPubMed
  35. Mackenzie I, Hawkey C, Ford I, et al. Allopurinol versus usual care in UK patients with ischaemic heart disease (ALL-HEART): a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial. Lancet. 2022; 400(10359): 1195–1205.
    CrossRefPubMed
  36. Akashi N, Kuwabara M, Matoba T, et al. Hyperuricemia predicts increased cardiovascular events in patients with chronic coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention: A nationwide cohort study from Japan. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022; 9: 1062894.
    CrossRefPubMed
  37. Okura T, Higaki J, Kurata M, et al. Elevated serum uric acid is an independent predictor for cardiovascular events in patients with severe coronary artery stenosis: subanalysis of the Japanese Coronary Artery Disease (JCAD) Study. Circ J. 2009; 73(5): 885–891.
    CrossRefPubMed
  38. Grayson PC, Kim SY, LaValley M, et al. Hyperuricemia and incident hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011; 63(1): 102–110.
    CrossRefPubMed
  39. Krishnan E, Kwoh CK, Schumacher HR, et al. Hyperuricemia and incidence of hypertension among men without metabolic syndrome. Hypertension. 2007; 49(2): 298–303.
    CrossRefPubMed
  40. Perlstein TS, Gumieniak O, Williams GH, et al. Uric acid and the development of hypertension: the normative aging study. Hypertension. 2006; 48(6): 1031–1036.
    CrossRefPubMed
  41. Forman JP, Choi H, Curhan GC. Uric acid and insulin sensitivity and risk of incident hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 2009; 169(2): 155–162.
    CrossRefPubMed
  42. Mellen PB, Bleyer AJ, Erlinger TP, et al. Serum uric acid predicts incident hypertension in a biethnic cohort: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Hypertension. 2006; 48(6): 1037–1042.
    CrossRefPubMed
  43. Zhang W, Sun K, Yang Y, et al. Plasma uric acid and hypertension in a Chinese community: prospective study and metaanalysis. Clin Chem. 2009; 55(11): 2026–2034.
    CrossRefPubMed
  44. Shankar A, Klein R, Klein BEK, et al. The association between serum uric acid level and long-term incidence of hypertension: Population-based cohort study. J Hum Hypertens. 2006; 20(12): 937–945.
    CrossRefPubMed
  45. Sundström J, Sullivan L, D'Agostino RB, et al. Relations of serum uric acid to longitudinal blood pressure tracking and hypertension incidence. Hypertension. 2005; 45(1): 28–33.
    CrossRefPubMed
  46. White WB, Saag KG, Becker MA, et al. Cardiovascular safety of febuxostat or allopurinol in patients with gout. N Engl J Med. 2018; 378(13): 1200–1210.
    CrossRefPubMed
  47. Bardin T, Richette P. Impact of comorbidities on gout and hyperuricaemia: an update on prevalence and treatment options. BMC Med. 2017; 15(1): 123.
    CrossRefPubMed
  48. Mackenzie I, Ford I, Nuki G, et al. Long-term cardiovascular safety of febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with gout (FAST): a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2020; 396(10264): 1745–1757.
    CrossRefPubMed
  49. Keenan RT, Pillinger MH. Febuxostat: A new agent for lowering serum urate. Drugs Today. 2009; 45(4): 247.
    CrossRefPubMed
  50. Becker MA, Schumacher HR, Wortmann RL, et al. Febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353(23): 2450–2461.
    CrossRefPubMed
  51. Ghossan R, Aitisha O, Fayad F, et al. POS0520 cardiovascular safety of febuxostat in patients with gout or hyperuricemia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Scientific Abstracts. 2023; 82(Suppl 1): 523.
    CrossRef
  52. Borghi C, Rosei EA, Bardin T, et al. Serum uric acid and the risk of cardiovascular and renal disease. J Hypertens. 2015; 33(9): 1729–1741.
    CrossRefPubMed
  53. Puig JG, Martínez MA. Hyperuricemia, gout and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2008; 20(2): 187–191.
    CrossRefPubMed
  54. Yu KH, Kuo CF, Luo SF, et al. Risk of end-stage renal disease associated with gout: a nationwide population study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012; 14(2): R83.
    CrossRefPubMed
  55. Abbott RD, Brand FN, Kannel WB, et al. Gout and coronary heart disease: the Framingham Study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1988; 41(3): 237–242.
    CrossRefPubMed
  56. De Vera MA, Rahman MM, Bhole V, et al. Independent impact of gout on the risk of acute myocardial infarction among elderly women: a population-based study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010; 69(6): 1162–1164.
    CrossRefPubMed
  57. Matsumura K, Arima H, Tominaga M, et al. Effect of losartan on serum uric acid in hypertension treated with a diuretic: the COMFORT study. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2015; 37(3): 192–196.
    CrossRefPubMed
  58. Jacob RA, Spinozzi GM, Simon VA, et al. Consumption of cherries lowers plasma urate in healthy women. J Nutr. 2003; 133(6): 1826–1829.
    CrossRefPubMed
  59. Ralston SH, Capell HA, Sturrock RD. Alcohol and response to treatment of gout. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1988; 296(6637): 1641–1642.
    CrossRefPubMed
  60. Richette P, Poitou C, Manivet P, et al. Weight loss, xanthine oxidase, and serum urate levels: a prospective longitudinal study of obese patients. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2016; 68(7): 1036–1042.
    CrossRefPubMed
  61. Chen JH, Wen CP, Wu SB, et al. Attenuating the mortality risk of high serum uric acid: the role of physical activity underused. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015; 74(11): 2034–2042.
    CrossRefPubMed
  62. Schlesinger N. Dietary factors and hyperuricaemia. Curr Pharm Des. 2005; 11(32): 4133–4138.
    CrossRefPubMed
  63. Richette P, Doherty M, Pascual E, et al. 2016 updated EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the management of gout. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017; 76(1): 29–42.
    CrossRefPubMed
  64. Kochanowska A, Rusztyn P, Szczerkowska K, et al. Sodium-Glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors to decrease the uric acid concentration-a novel mechanism of action. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2023; 10(7): 268.
    CrossRefPubMed
  65. Deeks ED. Lesinurad: a review in hyperuricaemia of gout. Drugs Aging. 2017; 34(5): 401–410.
    CrossRefPubMed
  66. Pérez-Ruiz F, Jansen T, Tausche AK, et al. Efficacy and safety of lesinurad for the treatment of hyperuricemia in gout. Drugs Context. 2019; 8: 212581.
    CrossRefPubMed
  67. Saag KG, Fitz-Patrick D, Kopicko J, et al. Lesinurad combined with allopurinol: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in gout patients with an inadequate response to standard-of-care allopurinol (a us-based study). Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017; 69(1): 203–212.
    CrossRefPubMed
  68. Dalbeth N, Jones G, Terkeltaub R, et al. Efficacy and safety during extended treatment of lesinurad in combination with febuxostat in patients with tophaceous gout: CRYSTAL extension study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019; 21(1): 8.
    CrossRefPubMed

About cookies

Necessary cookies

Allways active

These cookies are necessary for the proper display and operation of the website. Blocking them may cause the website to malfunction.

Analytical cookies

As part of our website, we use analytical tools, such as Google Analytics, that allow us to verify website traffic. These tools may require the use of cookies.

Community cookies

These are cookies associated with the social networks we use. Accepting them will allow us to associate your visit to the site with our social media profiles.

Marketing cookies

These are cookies responsible for carrying out advertising and marketing activities - consenting to their use will allow us to target you with advertisements based on your previous activities within our website.

Cardiology Journal

About Via Medica Advertising
Bookstore (Ikamed) TVMed
News
Copyright © 2023 Via Medica Regulations Cookie policy Privacy policy Legal Notice