Vol 31, No 3 (2024)
Review Article
Published online: 2024-05-21

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Influence of xanthine oxidase inhibitors on all-cause mortality in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Marcin M. Nowak1, Mariusz Niemczyk2, Sławomir Gołębiewski1, Leszek Pączek23
Pubmed: 38771265
Cardiol J 2024;31(3):479-487.

Abstract

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, including allopurinol and febuxostat, are the first-line treatment of hyperuricemia. This meta-analysis investigated the association between urate-lowering therapy and all-cause mortality in different chronic diseases to match its users and non-users in a real-world setting. Overall, 11 studies were included, which reported adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality over at least 12 months. Meta-analysis of all included studies showed no effect of the therapy on all-cause mortality. However, subgroup analyses showed its beneficial effect in patients with chronic kidney disease (14% risk reduction) and hyperuricemia (14% risk reduction), but not in patients with heart failure (28% risk increase). Urate-lowering therapy reduces all-cause mortality among patients with hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease, but it seems to increase mortality in patients with heart failure and should be avoided in this subgroup

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