Vol 30, No 2 (2024)
Review paper
Published online: 2024-08-13
Influenza and its cardiovascular complications: a comprehensive review
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DOI: 10.5603/aa.99211
Acta Angiologica 2024;30(2):69-78.
Abstract
Influenza is a respiratory illness caused by RNA viruses. These viruses can cause mild to severe illness, and can lead to pandemics and epidemics. Influenza spreads through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or comes into contact with contaminated surfaces. In some cases, influenza can lead to more serious extrapulmonary complications, such as cardiovascular complications. During influenza virus infection, endothelial cells become activated, evidenced by increased levels of von Willebrand factor, enhanced coagulation, and necrosis. Microcirculatory dysfunction has been linked with adverse outcomes, including increased rates of organ failure and mortality. The most important cardiovascular complications can occur directly, causing myocarditis and pericarditis. They can also occur indirectly, exacerbating underlying cardiovascular conditions such as ischemic heart disease and heart failure. Vaccination and antiviral treatment for influenza can be effective in reducing the risk of these cardiovascular complications. As outlined in the preceding discussion on influenza, its identification and complications have presented a significant challenge in the healthcare domain. However, through enhanced understanding and meticulous research on this virus, we can make informed decisions that will optimize treatment strategies. This article delves into the epidemiological factors, risk factors, and clinical manifestations of influenza and association of influenza with cardiovascular manifestations.
Keywords: influenzamyocarditispericarditisischemic heart diseaseheart failurevaccinationantiviral treatment
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