Background: Although there are many factors stated in the etiology of cataract, the mechanisms which are formed during the formation of cataract are still not illuminated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biochemical analysis of aqueous humor in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with cataract in terms of the existence of pseudoexfoliation (PSX). Material and methods: Seventy-six patients who presented to our ophthalmology clinic with the complaint of cataract and who were planned to undergo phacoemulsification and IOL implementation were included in the study. The patients were classified into 4 groups as Group I: Cataracts with diabetes and without PSX, Group II: Cataracts without diabetes and PSX, Group III: Cataracts with diabetes and PSX, Group IV: Cataracts without diabetes and with PSX. The groups were compared statistically in terms of biochemical analysis of aqueous humor. Results: The mean age of the patients was 68.0 ± 8.5, and 51.3% of the patients were male. In Group II, Na value was significantly higher than in Group I and Group III. In Group IV, Na value was significantly higher than in Group I and Group III. Cl value in Group IV was significantly higher than in Group I-III-III. In Group IV, Ca value was significantly higher than in Group I-III-III. In Group I, P value was significantly higher than in Group II and Group III. Glucose levels in Group I were significantly higher than in Group II-III-IV. Glucose levels in Group III were significantly higher than in Group II-IV. Na value in the PSX (+) group was significantly lower than in the PSX (–) group. In the PSX (+) group, glucose value was significantly higher than in the PSX (–) group. Conclusion: High glucose and low Na levels in the anterior chamber may play a role in the development of PSX and PSCC. High P level in the anterior chamber may be contributed to the development of cataract in diabetic non-PSX eyes. In non-diabetic PSX (+) group, high Ca and Cl levels may be contributed to developing cataracts.