open access

Vol 23, No 1 (2020)
Research paper
Submitted: 2018-06-16
Accepted: 2019-11-27
Published online: 2019-12-05
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Clinical Efficacy of Sodium [99mTc] Pertechnetate from Low Specific Activity 99Mo/99mTc Autosolex Generator in Hospital Radiopharmacy Centre

Arpit Mitra1, Sankha Chattopadhyay2, Ashok Chandak1, Sangita Lad3, Luna Barua2, Anirban De4, Umesh Kumar2, Rajesh Chinagandham3, Trupti Upadhye3, Kamaldeep Koundal5, Sharmila Banerjee123, Ramakrishna Rajan6
DOI: 10.5603/NMR.a2020.0001
·
Pubmed: 32779168
·
Nucl. Med. Rev 2020;23(1):1-14.
Affiliations
  1. Medical Cyclotron Facility, Radiation Medicine Centre, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Parel, 400 012 Mumbai, India
  2. Radiopharmaceutical Laboratory, Regional Centre, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, 700 064 Kolkata, India
  3. Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Parel, 400 012 Mumbai, India
  4. Accelerator Technology Group, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, 700 064 Kolkata, India
  5. Radiation Safety and System Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, 400 085 Mumbai, India
  6. Raja Ramana Fellow, Trombay, 400 085 Mumbai, India

open access

Vol 23, No 1 (2020)
Original articles
Submitted: 2018-06-16
Accepted: 2019-11-27
Published online: 2019-12-05

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Few nuclear reactors in the world producing high specific activity (HSA) 99Mo using enriched 235U (HEU), are aging and are planned for shut down in the near future. Further, HEU will not be freely available, due to safeguards, and the technology for 99Mo from low-enriched 235U (LEU) is not yet widely accepted since 239Pu contamination in the product is an issue. Production of 99mTc from low specific activity (LSA) 99Mo obtained from 98Mo(n,)99Mo reaction in research reactor and 100Mo(,n)99Mo reaction in accelerator or directly from 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc nuclear reaction in cyclotron, has been explored [1]. The methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) based solvent extraction technique is n well known method for the separation of 99mTc from low specific activity 99Mo. The 99Mo/99mTc autosolex generator [2], a computer controlled automated module, utilizes the conventional MEK solvent extraction method for extraction of 99mTc. Herein, we have validated the usage of autosolex for preparation of pharmacopoeia grade 99mTcO4- from 7.40-27.5 GBq of LSA 99Mo-SodiumMolybdate (99MoO42-) solution and validated the quality of the 99mTcO4- by preparing wide range of 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals (99mTc-RP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 99mTcO4- was extracted from the autosolex as described in [2] starting from 7.40-27.5 GBq of LSA 99MoO42- and subjected to the required physico-chemical and biological quality control (QC) tests. The eluted 99mTcO4- labeled various fourth generation 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals cold kits (99mTc-cold kits) apart from regular 99mTc-cold kits in our centre. Various 99mTc-RP extracted 99mTcO4- using standard procedures [3] were prepared and subjected to required QC as Indian Pharmacopeia monograph [4] and used in scintigraphic imaging in patients. The radiation exposure dose to the operator were compared between autosolex and manual MEK based solvent extraction generator. RESULTS: The extracted 99mTcO4- from autosolex is a clear and colorless solution with pH between 5.0-6.5. The elemental molybdenum (Mo) and aluminum (Al) content <10µg/mL, MEK levels <0.1%, 99Mo breakthrough <0.030% and radiochemical purity (RCP) >98%. All the extracted 99mTcO4- batches complies sterility test, endotoxin limit (EL) <5EU/mL. The RCP of all the labeled 99mTc-RP >95%. The autosolex delivers much less radiation dose to the operator than the convention manually handled MEK based solvent extraction generator. CONCLUSIONS: Autosolex Generator was successfully used to obtain pharmaceutical grade 99mTcO4- from LSA 99MoO42- and generator is safe in radiological and pharmacological point of view. The suitability of the autosolex for use in hospital radiopharmacy was shown by using the 99mTcO4- to prepare various 99mTc-RP and using these 99mTc-RP for scintigraphic imaging in patients.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Few nuclear reactors in the world producing high specific activity (HSA) 99Mo using enriched 235U (HEU), are aging and are planned for shut down in the near future. Further, HEU will not be freely available, due to safeguards, and the technology for 99Mo from low-enriched 235U (LEU) is not yet widely accepted since 239Pu contamination in the product is an issue. Production of 99mTc from low specific activity (LSA) 99Mo obtained from 98Mo(n,)99Mo reaction in research reactor and 100Mo(,n)99Mo reaction in accelerator or directly from 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc nuclear reaction in cyclotron, has been explored [1]. The methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) based solvent extraction technique is n well known method for the separation of 99mTc from low specific activity 99Mo. The 99Mo/99mTc autosolex generator [2], a computer controlled automated module, utilizes the conventional MEK solvent extraction method for extraction of 99mTc. Herein, we have validated the usage of autosolex for preparation of pharmacopoeia grade 99mTcO4- from 7.40-27.5 GBq of LSA 99Mo-SodiumMolybdate (99MoO42-) solution and validated the quality of the 99mTcO4- by preparing wide range of 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals (99mTc-RP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 99mTcO4- was extracted from the autosolex as described in [2] starting from 7.40-27.5 GBq of LSA 99MoO42- and subjected to the required physico-chemical and biological quality control (QC) tests. The eluted 99mTcO4- labeled various fourth generation 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals cold kits (99mTc-cold kits) apart from regular 99mTc-cold kits in our centre. Various 99mTc-RP extracted 99mTcO4- using standard procedures [3] were prepared and subjected to required QC as Indian Pharmacopeia monograph [4] and used in scintigraphic imaging in patients. The radiation exposure dose to the operator were compared between autosolex and manual MEK based solvent extraction generator. RESULTS: The extracted 99mTcO4- from autosolex is a clear and colorless solution with pH between 5.0-6.5. The elemental molybdenum (Mo) and aluminum (Al) content <10µg/mL, MEK levels <0.1%, 99Mo breakthrough <0.030% and radiochemical purity (RCP) >98%. All the extracted 99mTcO4- batches complies sterility test, endotoxin limit (EL) <5EU/mL. The RCP of all the labeled 99mTc-RP >95%. The autosolex delivers much less radiation dose to the operator than the convention manually handled MEK based solvent extraction generator. CONCLUSIONS: Autosolex Generator was successfully used to obtain pharmaceutical grade 99mTcO4- from LSA 99MoO42- and generator is safe in radiological and pharmacological point of view. The suitability of the autosolex for use in hospital radiopharmacy was shown by using the 99mTcO4- to prepare various 99mTc-RP and using these 99mTc-RP for scintigraphic imaging in patients.

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Keywords

Autosolex; LSA; 99MoO42-; 99mTcO4-; Radiopharmacy; Scintigraphic image

About this article
Title

Clinical Efficacy of Sodium [99mTc] Pertechnetate from Low Specific Activity 99Mo/99mTc Autosolex Generator in Hospital Radiopharmacy Centre

Journal

Nuclear Medicine Review

Issue

Vol 23, No 1 (2020)

Article type

Research paper

Pages

1-14

Published online

2019-12-05

Page views

1002

Article views/downloads

1138

DOI

10.5603/NMR.a2020.0001

Pubmed

32779168

Bibliographic record

Nucl. Med. Rev 2020;23(1):1-14.

Keywords

Autosolex
LSA
99MoO42-
99mTcO4-
Radiopharmacy
Scintigraphic image

Authors

Arpit Mitra
Sankha Chattopadhyay
Ashok Chandak
Sangita Lad
Luna Barua
Anirban De
Umesh Kumar
Rajesh Chinagandham
Trupti Upadhye
Kamaldeep Koundal
Sharmila Banerjee
Ramakrishna Rajan

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