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Time trends in tobacco-attributable cancer mortality in Poland — direct estimation method
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warszawa, Poland
open access
Abstract
Introduction. Since the 20th century tobacco smoking has had an enormous impact on morbidity and mortality in the adult population, and it remains the greatest single preventable health risk factor worldwide. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Poland, with lung cancer as the primary cause of cancer-related death in Polish men and women. Given these statistics, this manuscript aims to estimate tobacco-attributable cancer mortality in Poland.
Material and methods. Data on cancer mortality come from the WHO Mortality Statistics database. Data on smoking prevalence in Poland come from standardized surveys based on nationally representative samples. Data on relative risks come from the Cancer Prevention Study II. Tobacco-attributable fractions were calculated using standard methodology for calculating population-based attributable fractions.
Results. In 2014, there were over 24 thousand tobacco-attributed cancer deaths in men. Lung cancer tops the list of ranked cancer types, with a tobacco-attributable fraction of 93%. Next is laryngeal (TAF = 90%), oropharyngeal (TAF = 86%) and esophageal (TAF = 80%) cancer. Overall, two-thirds of the considered cancer deaths were attributed to tobacco smoke (TAF = 75%). In 2014, there were over 7.5 thousand of cancer deaths related to smoking in women. Here, both laryngeal and lung cancer (both TAF = 76%) top the ranked list. Next are esophageal (TAF = 61%) and oropharyngeal (TAF = 51%) cancers, and when combined almost half of all considered cancer deaths were attributed to tobacco smoke (TAF = 44%).
Conclusions. Tobacco smoking and tobacco-attributable cancer mortality remain one of the greatest health burdens in Poles. Each year over 30 thousand Polish men and women die of cancer caused by smoking. All these deaths could be avoided.
Abstract
Introduction. Since the 20th century tobacco smoking has had an enormous impact on morbidity and mortality in the adult population, and it remains the greatest single preventable health risk factor worldwide. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Poland, with lung cancer as the primary cause of cancer-related death in Polish men and women. Given these statistics, this manuscript aims to estimate tobacco-attributable cancer mortality in Poland.
Material and methods. Data on cancer mortality come from the WHO Mortality Statistics database. Data on smoking prevalence in Poland come from standardized surveys based on nationally representative samples. Data on relative risks come from the Cancer Prevention Study II. Tobacco-attributable fractions were calculated using standard methodology for calculating population-based attributable fractions.
Results. In 2014, there were over 24 thousand tobacco-attributed cancer deaths in men. Lung cancer tops the list of ranked cancer types, with a tobacco-attributable fraction of 93%. Next is laryngeal (TAF = 90%), oropharyngeal (TAF = 86%) and esophageal (TAF = 80%) cancer. Overall, two-thirds of the considered cancer deaths were attributed to tobacco smoke (TAF = 75%). In 2014, there were over 7.5 thousand of cancer deaths related to smoking in women. Here, both laryngeal and lung cancer (both TAF = 76%) top the ranked list. Next are esophageal (TAF = 61%) and oropharyngeal (TAF = 51%) cancers, and when combined almost half of all considered cancer deaths were attributed to tobacco smoke (TAF = 44%).
Conclusions. Tobacco smoking and tobacco-attributable cancer mortality remain one of the greatest health burdens in Poles. Each year over 30 thousand Polish men and women die of cancer caused by smoking. All these deaths could be avoided.
Keywords
tobacco-attributable fraction, cancer, time trends, direct estimation method, tobacco-related cancer, cancer mortality, TAF, PAF
Title
Time trends in tobacco-attributable cancer mortality in Poland — direct estimation method
Journal
Nowotwory. Journal of Oncology
Issue
Article type
Research paper (original)
Pages
227-235
Published online
2017-12-29
Page views
679
Article views/downloads
725
DOI
Bibliographic record
Nowotwory. Journal of Oncology 2017;67(4):227-235.
Keywords
tobacco-attributable fraction
cancer
time trends
direct estimation method
tobacco-related cancer
cancer mortality
TAF
PAF
Authors
Marta Mańczuk
Urszula Sulkowska
Jakub Łobaszewski
Paweł Koczkodaj
Irena Przepiórka
Magdalena Cedzyńska
Krzysztof Przewoźniak
Joanna Didkowska