Testicular cancer risk incidence in perception of young men
, 1
Abstract
Introduction. Testicular cancer is the most frequently occurring malignant tumour in young men. Self-examination of testicles allows for early detection of the disease. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the level of knowledge concerning testicular cancer among young men.
Material and methods. The study was conducted among 296 students of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn.
Results. The majority of students were never previously interested in the issue of testicular cancer. The students were not able to say at what age this type of cancer usually occurs nor did they know the risk factors or symptoms of the disease. Students of Medicine had much more knowledge about testicular cancer than the students from other fields. 91% of the examined men declared that doctors never informed them about the risk of developing testicular cancer and the importance of self-examination of the testicles. 72% of students of faculties other than medical, never searched for any information concerning testicular cancer on their own. Only 29% of students of all faculties perform self-examination of their testicles.
Conclusions. Young man do not have sufficient knowledge concerning testicular cancer and rarely self-examine their testicles. Therefore, it is justified to disseminate more broadly knowledge concerning testicular cancer and to encourage young men to undergo self-examination.
Keywords: testicular cancerself-examination of testicles
References
- https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/testis.html.
- Huyghe E, Matsuda T, Thonneau P. Increasing incidence of testicular cancer worldwide: a review. J Urol. 2003; 170(1): 5–11.
- Shanmugalingam T, Soultati A, Chowdhury S, et al. Global incidence and outcome of testicular cancer. Clin Epidemiol. 2013; 5: 417–427.
- http://onkologia.org.pl/.
- Handy P, Sankar K. Testicular self examination — Knowledge of men attending a large Genito Urinary Medicine clinic. Health Education Journal. 2008; 67(1): 9–15.
- Turnbull C, Rahman N. Genome-wide association studies provide new insights into the genetic basis of testicular germ-cell tumour. Int J Androl. 2011; 34(4 Pt 2): e86–96; discussion e96.
- Green M, Palfrey JS. editors. Bright futures: guidelines for health supervision of infants, children, and adolescents, 2nd ed. Rev. Arlington (VA)’ National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health 2002.
- Albers P, Albrecht W, Algaba F, et al. European Association of Urology. Guidelines on Testicular Cancer: 2015 Update. Eur Urol. 2015; 68(6): 1054–1068.
- Ilic D, Misso ML. Screening for testicular cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011(2): CD007853.
- Lin K, Sharangpani R. Screening for testicular cancer: an evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2010; 153(6): 396–399.
- Ward KD, Vander Weg MW, Read MC, et al. Testicular cancer awareness and self-examination among adolescent males in a community-based youth organization. Prev Med. 2005; 41(2): 386–398.
- Wardle J, Steptoe A, Burckhardt R, et al. Testicular self-examination: attitudes and practices among young men in Europe. Prev Med. 1994; 23(2): 206–210.
- Roy RK, Casson K. Attitudes Toward Testicular Cancer and Self-Examination Among Northern Irish Males. Am J Mens Health. 2017; 11(2): 253–261.
- Umeh K, Chadwick R. Early detection of testicular cancer: revisiting the role of self-efficacy in testicular self-examination among young asymptomatic males. J Behav Med. 2016; 39(1): 151–160.
- Cronholm PF, Mao JJ, Nguyen GT, et al. A dilemma in male engagement in preventive services: adolescent males' knowledge and attitudes toward testicular cancer and testicular self-exam. Am J Mens Health. 2009; 3(2): 134–140.
- Ugwumba FO, Ekwueme OE, Okoh AD. Testicular Cancer and Testicular Self-Examination; Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice in Final Year Medical Students in Nigeria. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016; 17(11): 4999–5003.
- https://www.cancer.org/cancer/testicular-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html.
- Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Testicular Self- examination among Male University Students from Bangladesh, Madagascar, Singapore, South Africa and Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015; 16(11): 4741–4743.
- Evans R, Steptoe A, Wardle J. Testicular self-examination: change in rates of practice in European university students, from 13 countries, over a 10-year period. The Journal of Men's Health & Gender. 2006; 3(4): 368–372.
- Khadra A, Oakeshott P. Pilot study of testicular cancer awareness and testicular self-examination in men attending two South London general practices. Fam Pract. 2002; 19(3): 294–296.
- Saab MM, Landers M, Hegarty J, et al. Testicular Cancer Awareness and Screening Practices: A Systematic Review. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2016; 43(1): E8–23.