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In search of Parkinson’s disease biomarkers — is the answer in our mouths? A systematic review of the literature on salivary biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease
, 1
Affiliations- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
The identification of reliable biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a pivotal step in the introduction of causal therapies. Saliva is a biofluid which may be involved in synuclein pathology in PD. We have reviewed current studies on salivary proteins and compounds in PD patients and healthy controls, and their potential application as biomarkers. A systematic literature search of the Pubmed and Scopus databases was performed. A total of 198 studies were screened, of which 20 were included in our qualitative analysis. We conclude that the oligomeric form of salivary alpha synuclein is higher in PD patients, and that this may serve as a potential biomarker of PD. Salivary DJ-1 concentrations fail to differentiate PD patients from controls. Other enzymes and substances (heme oxygenase-1, nitric oxide, acetylcholinesterase) have been assessed in single studies. Salivary cortisol levels are higher in PD than in healthy subjects. Further validation of these findings is needed.
Saliva may be a promising source of biomarkers in PD.
Abstract
The identification of reliable biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a pivotal step in the introduction of causal therapies. Saliva is a biofluid which may be involved in synuclein pathology in PD. We have reviewed current studies on salivary proteins and compounds in PD patients and healthy controls, and their potential application as biomarkers. A systematic literature search of the Pubmed and Scopus databases was performed. A total of 198 studies were screened, of which 20 were included in our qualitative analysis. We conclude that the oligomeric form of salivary alpha synuclein is higher in PD patients, and that this may serve as a potential biomarker of PD. Salivary DJ-1 concentrations fail to differentiate PD patients from controls. Other enzymes and substances (heme oxygenase-1, nitric oxide, acetylcholinesterase) have been assessed in single studies. Salivary cortisol levels are higher in PD than in healthy subjects. Further validation of these findings is needed.
Saliva may be a promising source of biomarkers in PD.
Keywords
Parkinson’s disease, saliva, biomarker, neurodegeneration
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About this articleTitle
In search of Parkinson’s disease biomarkers — is the answer in our mouths? A systematic review of the literature on salivary biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease
Journal
Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska
Issue
Article type
Review Article
Pages
14-20
Published online
2020-01-31
Page views
2783
Article views/downloads
784
DOI
Pubmed
Bibliographic record
Neurol Neurochir Pol 2020;54(1):14-20.
Keywords
Parkinson’s disease
saliva
biomarker
neurodegeneration
Authors
Monika Figura
Andrzej Friedman
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