Tom 11, Nr 3 (2018)
Artykuł przeglądowy
Opublikowany online: 2019-01-15
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Choroba von Willebranda typu 2M. Problemy klasyfikacyjne i diagnostyczne
Journal of Transfusion Medicine 2018;11(3):100-111.
Streszczenie
Choroba von Willebranda (VWD) typu 2M to skaza krwotoczna dziedziczona autosomalnie dominująco. Jej cechą charakterystyczną jest zmniejszona interakcja między czynnikiem von Willebranda (VWF) i płytkami krwi, która nie wynika z utraty wielkocząsteczkowych multimerów VWF. Typ 2M VWD występuje u 5–10% ogółu pacjentów z VWD i często jest mylony z typem 1 lub typem 2A VWD. Podłożem skazy krwotocznej są mutacje zmiany sensu i delecje występujące w domenie A1 (w miejscu wiązania z glikoproteiną Ib i kolagenem) oraz, znacznie rzadziej, w domenie A3 (miejsce wiązania kolagenu) VWF. Laboratoryjnie typ 2M VWD charakteryzuje się upośledzoną agregacją z rystocetyną, prawidłowym/upośledzonym wiązaniem z kolagenem, obniżoną aktywnością VWF:RCo, ilorazem VWF:RCo/VWF:Ag poniżej 0,7 i prawidłową dystrybucją multimerów VWF. Typ 2M VWD jest szczególnie trudny do diagnostyki, ponieważ muszą być w nim uwzględnione nie tylko zaburzenia wiązania VWF z receptorem GPIba płytek krwi (VWF:RCo), ale także zaburzenia wiązania VWF z podśródbłonkowym kolagenem (VWF:CB). Dodatkowo, konieczność wykonania analizy multimerów VWF powoduje, że typ 2M VWD jest rozpoznawany najczęściej jedynie w wysokospecjalistycznych laboratoriach. Rozpoznanie typu 2M może mieć znaczenie w wyborze sposobu leczenia. W piśmiennictwie leczenie DDAVP jest oceniane różnie. U części chorych może być ono mało skuteczne ze względu na szybki klirens VWF z osocza. Leczenie koncentratami czynnika VIII zawierającymi VWF jest natomiast identyczne jak w typie 1 i 2A VWD.
Słowa kluczowe: choroba von Willebranda (VWD)klasyfikacjachoroba von Willebranda 2Mdiagnostyka fenotypowaleczenie
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