open access

Vol 72, No 2 (2021)
Original article
Submitted: 2021-01-18
Accepted: 2021-06-04
Published online: 2021-06-28
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Estimation of local incidence of jellyfish envenomation in developed marine coastal areas and large populated island on the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia using case surveillance of government health facilities in Manjung, Perak and Langkawi Island

Aaina Iryani Mubarak1, Wan Nur Aida Wan Mohd Shukri1, Ahmad Khaldun Ismail1
·
Pubmed: 34212348
·
IMH 2021;72(2):93-98.
Affiliations
  1. Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

open access

Vol 72, No 2 (2021)
MARITIME MEDICINE Original article
Submitted: 2021-01-18
Accepted: 2021-06-04
Published online: 2021-06-28

Abstract

Background: Jellyfish stings are one of the commonest causes of marine animal related injuries in human. Despite mostly being harmless, box jellyfish species can cause major stings with fatalities or systemic envenoming symptoms. There are 15–20 species identified to be life-threatening. There are few reported cases that suggest the presence of deadly box jellyfish in the Malaysian coast. However, numbers of stings around Malaysia are still under reported.
Materials and methods: This observational study was conducted in Manjung, Perak and Langkawi Island to look at the pattern and incidence of jellyfish stings which occur within 1 year.
Results: There were 45 sting incidents reported with the highest number of cases occurred in December and February. Cases mainly involved young adults aged 10 to 29 years old. The most common clinical symptom that presented was sudden and persistent pain. Vinegar was applied as first aid in 53.3% of reported stings. All patients were treated symptomatically and discharged well. Stings occurred at mean sea surface temperature of 29.38°C and the wind speed of 7.6 knots. All cases were mild and did not require antivenom.
Conclusions: The study showed that the occurrence of jellyfish stings are affected by weather conditions. Jellyfish stings occur seasonally, thus making it predictable and easily preventable with public awareness, early first aid application and use of jellyfish nets.

Abstract

Background: Jellyfish stings are one of the commonest causes of marine animal related injuries in human. Despite mostly being harmless, box jellyfish species can cause major stings with fatalities or systemic envenoming symptoms. There are 15–20 species identified to be life-threatening. There are few reported cases that suggest the presence of deadly box jellyfish in the Malaysian coast. However, numbers of stings around Malaysia are still under reported.
Materials and methods: This observational study was conducted in Manjung, Perak and Langkawi Island to look at the pattern and incidence of jellyfish stings which occur within 1 year.
Results: There were 45 sting incidents reported with the highest number of cases occurred in December and February. Cases mainly involved young adults aged 10 to 29 years old. The most common clinical symptom that presented was sudden and persistent pain. Vinegar was applied as first aid in 53.3% of reported stings. All patients were treated symptomatically and discharged well. Stings occurred at mean sea surface temperature of 29.38°C and the wind speed of 7.6 knots. All cases were mild and did not require antivenom.
Conclusions: The study showed that the occurrence of jellyfish stings are affected by weather conditions. Jellyfish stings occur seasonally, thus making it predictable and easily preventable with public awareness, early first aid application and use of jellyfish nets.

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Keywords

clinical toxinology, emergency, first-aid, jellyfish stings

About this article
Title

Estimation of local incidence of jellyfish envenomation in developed marine coastal areas and large populated island on the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia using case surveillance of government health facilities in Manjung, Perak and Langkawi Island

Journal

International Maritime Health

Issue

Vol 72, No 2 (2021)

Article type

Original article

Pages

93-98

Published online

2021-06-28

Page views

1271

Article views/downloads

1124

DOI

10.5603/IMH.2021.0017

Pubmed

34212348

Bibliographic record

IMH 2021;72(2):93-98.

Keywords

clinical toxinology
emergency
first-aid
jellyfish stings

Authors

Aaina Iryani Mubarak
Wan Nur Aida Wan Mohd Shukri
Ahmad Khaldun Ismail

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