Could soluble L1 cell adhesion molecule (sL1CAM) in serum be a new biomarker for endometrial cancer?
, 2, 1, 1
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the place of serum soluble L1 cell adhesion molecule (sL1CAM) level in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological features.
Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed with 146 patients who underwent endometrial biopsy and whose pathology results were reported as benign endometrial changes (n = 30), endometrial hyperplasia (n = 32) or endometrial cancer (n = 84). The sL1CAM level between the groups was compared. The relationship between clinicopathological features and serum sL1CAM was evaluated in patients with endometrial cancer.
Results: The mean serum sL1CAM level in patients with endometrial cancer was significantly higher than in patients without cancer. The sL1CAM value was statistically significantly higher in the group with endometrial cancer, than the group with endometrial hyperplasia (p < 0.001) and the group with benign endometrial changes (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of sL1CAM between the group of patients with endometrial hyperplasia and the group of patients with benign endometrial changes (p = 0.954). sL1CAM value in type 2 endometrial cancer was statistically significantly higher than Type1 (p = 0.019). High sL1CAM level in patients with type 1 cancer was associated with poor clinicopathological features. However, no correlation was observed between clinicopathological features and serum sL1CAM level in type 2 endometrial cancers.
Conclusions: Serum sL1CAM may be an important marker for evaluating the diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial cancer in the future. There may be a relationship between increased serum sL1CAM level in type 1 endometrial cancers and poor clinicopathological features.
Keywords: endometrial cancerL1CAMdiagnosisclinicopathological featuresbiomarkerserum
References
- Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012; 62(1): 10–29.
- Bokhman JV. Two pathogenetic types of endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol. 1983; 15(1): 10–17.
- Brinton LA, Felix AS, McMeekin DS, et al. Etiologic heterogeneity in endometrial cancer: evidence from a Gynecologic Oncology Group trial. Gynecol Oncol. 2013; 129(2): 277–284.
- Suri V, Arora A. Management of Endometrial Cancer: A Review. Rev Recent Clin Trials. 2015; 10(4): 309–316.
- Gawron I, Łoboda M, Babczyk D, et al. Endometrial cancer and hyperplasia rate in women before menopause with abnormal uterine bleeding undergoing endometrial sampling. Przegl Lek. 2017; 74(4): 139–43..
- Moos M, Tacke R, Scherer H, et al. Neural adhesion molecule L1 as a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with binding domains similar to fibronectin. Nature. 1988; 334(6184): 701–703.
- Raveh S, Gavert N, Ben-Ze’ev A. L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) in invasive tumors. Cancer Lett. 2009; 282(2): 137–145.
- Schäfer MKE, Altevogt P. L1CAM malfunction in the nervous system and human carcinomas. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2010; 67(14): 2425–2437.
- Kiefel H, Pfeifer M, Bondong S, et al. Linking L1CAM-mediated signaling to NF-κB activation. Trends Mol Med. 2011; 17(4): 178–187.
- Altevogt P, Doberstein K, Fogel M. L1CAM in human cancer. Int J Cancer. 2016; 138(7): 1565–1576.
- Novak-Hofer I. The L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule as a Target for Radioimmunotherapy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2007; 22(2): 175–184.
- Boo YJ, Park JM, Kim J, et al. L1 expression as a marker for poor prognosis, tumor progression, and short survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007; 14(5): 1703–1711.
- Allory Y, Matsuoka Y, Bazille C, et al. The L1 cell adhesion molecule is induced in renal cancer cells and correlates with metastasis in clear cell carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res. 2005; 11(3): 1190–1197.
- Tischler V, Pfeifer M, Hausladen S, et al. L1CAM protein expression is associated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer. 2011; 10: 127.
- Schröder C, Schumacher U, Fogel M, et al. Expression and prognostic value of L1-CAM in breast cancer. Oncol Rep. 2009; 22(5): 1109–1117.
- Tsutsumi S, Morohashi S, Kudo Y, et al. L1 Cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) expression at the cancer invasive front is a novel prognostic marker of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 2011; 103(7): 669–673.
- Zander H, Rawnaq T, von Wedemeyer M, et al. Circulating levels of cell adhesion molecule L1 as a prognostic marker in gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients. BMC Cancer. 2011; 11: 189:1–7.
- Li Y, Galileo DS. Soluble L1CAM promotes breast cancer cell adhesion and migration in vitro, but not invasion. Cancer Cell Int. 2010; 10: 34.
- Bondong S, Kiefel H, Hielscher T, et al. Prognostic significance of L1CAM in ovarian cancer and its role in constitutive NF-κB activation. Ann Oncol. 2012; 23(7): 1795–1802.
- van der Putten LJm, Visser NCm, van de Vijver K, et al. L1CAM expression in endometrial carcinomas: an ENITEC collaboration study. Br J Cancer. 2016; 115(6): 716–724.
- Zeimet AG, Reimer D, Huszar M, et al. L1CAM in early-stage type I endometrial cancer: results of a large multicenter evaluation. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013; 105(15): 1142–1150.
- Geels YP, Pijnenborg JMA, Gordon BBM, et al. L1CAM Expression is Related to Non-Endometrioid Histology, and Prognostic for Poor Outcome in Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res. 2016; 22(4): 863–868.
- Bosse T, Nout RA, Stelloo E, et al. L1 cell adhesion molecule is a strong predictor for distant recurrence and overall survival in early stage endometrial cancer: pooled PORTEC trial results. Eur J Cancer. 2014; 50(15): 2602–2610.
- Huszar M, Pfeifer M, Schirmer U, et al. Up-regulation of L1CAM is linked to loss of hormone receptors and E-cadherin in aggressive subtypes of endometrial carcinomas. J Pathol. 2010; 220(5): 551–561.
- Tangen IL, Kopperud RK, Visser NCm, et al. Expression of L1CAM in curettage or high L1CAM level in preoperative blood samples predicts lymph node metastases and poor outcome in endometrial cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 2017; 117(6): 840–847.
- Fogel M, Gutwein P, Mechtersheimer S, et al. L1 expression as a predictor of progression and survival in patients with uterine and ovarian carcinomas. Lancet. 2003; 362(9387): 869–875.
- Wojciechowski M, Głowacka E, Wilczyński M, et al. The sL1CAM in sera of patients with endometrial and ovarian cancers. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2017; 295(1): 225–232.
- Bednarikova M, Vinklerova P, Gottwaldova J, et al. The Clinical Significance of DJ1 and L1CAM Serum Level Monitoring in Patients with Endometrial Cancer. J Clin Med. 2021; 10(12).
- Guo M, Gong H, Nie D, et al. High L1CAM expression predicts poor prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021; 100(13): e25330.
- Van Gool IC, Stelloo E, Nout RA, et al. Prognostic significance of L1CAM expression and its association with mutant p53 expression in high-risk endometrial cancer. Mod Pathol. 2016; 29(2): 174–181.
- Kommoss FKf, Karnezis AN, Kommoss F, et al. L1CAM further stratifies endometrial carcinoma patients with no specific molecular risk profile. Br J Cancer. 2018; 119(4): 480–486.
