Endometriosis is a common disease concerning 5-10% of women at reproductive age. It may cause sterility and decrease the quality of life. The best known symptoms are dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain and pain related to ovulation. Endometriosis is a chronic illness which, so far, can not be completely cured. Clinical treatment is focused on decreasing symptoms, improving the quality of life, inhibition of endometrial focuses, sustaining sterility and preventing recurrences. Most of the time clinical treatment is not limited only to one possibility but usually joins a few therapeutic options. One of the possibilities is the surgical treatment, usually laparoscopic. Conservative treatment may be its completion. The main medical aim of conservative treatment is to decrease pain by inhibition of inflammation and to reduce or arrest the production of cyclic ovarian hormones, what usually leads to amenorrhea. Drugs used in conservative treatment of endometriosis are often connected with numerous side effects, constituting a serious limitation of a long-term therapy. That is the reason why much research concentrates on finding the optimal medical procedures for patients with endometriosis.