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Tom 14, Nr 2 (2020)
Wybrane problemy kliniczne
Opublikowany online: 2020-04-02

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Eksport do Mediów Społecznościowych

Eksport do Mediów Społecznościowych

Rola mikrobioty jelitowej w patofizjologii i profilaktyce różnych schorzeń układu pokarmowego

Michał Kukla1
Forum Medycyny Rodzinnej 2020;14(2):73-87.

Streszczenie

W ostatnich latach coraz więcej wyników badań udowadnia, że mikrobiota jelitowa odgrywa zasadniczą rolę w patogenezie chorób wielu nar ządów. Właściwy skład ilościowy i jako - ściowy mikroorganizmów jelitowych, żyjących z gospodarzem w stanie symbiozy — czyli eubioza, pozwala na utrzymanie stanu homeostazy. W przypadku zmian mikrobioty wywołanych przez wiele czynników środowiskowych oraz zależnych od gospodarza dochodzi do rozwoju dysbiozy, która może objawiać się w postaci zaburzeń funkcji przewodu pokarmowego, ale także układu nerwowego i oddechowego, zaburzeń metabolicznych czy zwiększonej podatności na zakażenia. Dlatego tak ważne jest utrzymanie prawidłowej mikrobioty jelitowej. Oprócz odpowiedniej diety, zdrowego stylu życia, unikania zbędnych leków pomocne jest st osowanie probiotyków. Terminem tym określa się zespół żywych mikroorganizmów, które, podawane w odpowiednich ilościach, wywierają korzystny wpływ na zdrowie gospodarza i pozwalają na odnowienie prawidłowego składu ilościowego i jakościowego mikrobioty. Korzystne może być stosowanie ich wraz prebiotykami, czyli nieulegającymi trawieniu składnikami żywności, które stymulują wzrost i aktywność bakterii jelitowych. W pierwszej części niniejszego ar tykułu omówiono mechanizm działania probiotyków przejawiający się wpływem na barierę jelitową, układ immunologicz ny i aktywację en - zymatyczną bakterii jelitowych. W dalszej części wyszczególnion o choroby układu po - karmowego, zarówno infekcyjne, czynnościowe, jak i metaboliczne, w których korzystne okazało się stosowanie probiotyków. Opisano także w skrócie mechanizm kor zystnego działania probiotyków w tych jednostkach chorobowych. Dodatkowo w tabeli, opartej na wytycznych World Gastroenterology Organisation, zestawiono większość dostępnych probiotyków i prebiotyków, z dokładnym opisem ich składu, dawkowaniem i wskazaniami do zastosowania (na podsatawie przeprowadzonych badań) oraz nazwami dostępnych preparatów, w skład których wchodzą.

Słowa kluczowe: mikrobiotaprobiotykprebiotykbariera jelitowadysbiozaeubioza

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