open access

Vol 81, No 2 (2022)
Original article
Submitted: 2021-03-05
Accepted: 2021-04-29
Published online: 2021-05-17
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Extracranial guiding structures for navigation to specific topographical sectors of the equine neopallium: an anatomical investigation performing three-dimensional distance measurements in adult warm-blooded horses

F. Heun1, L. Böing1, J. Theunert2, H. Gasse1
·
Pubmed: 34018176
·
Folia Morphol 2022;81(2):324-335.
Affiliations
  1. Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
  2. Faculty II — Mechanical Engineering and Bio Process Engineering, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hannover, Germany

open access

Vol 81, No 2 (2022)
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Submitted: 2021-03-05
Accepted: 2021-04-29
Published online: 2021-05-17

Abstract

Background: This basically anatomical study focuses on two items; firstly, the establishment of a system for the cartographic subdivision of the neopallium; secondly, the topographical correlation of extracranial landmarks and intracranial sites on the neopallium.
Materials and methods: The surface of the neopallium was subdivided into 15 sectors with reference to a newly introduced pattern of Primary Sulci. The topographical link between extracranial landmarks and certain intracranial sites (i.e. neopallium sectors) was elaborated by using a simple stereotactic device and a computer-assisted measurement device. Measurements were performed between points on the head’s outer surface and on the isolated brain.
Results and Conclusions: The introduction of an anatomical three-dimensional coordinate system was an essential key issue for this investigation. This setting facilitated the measurements and calculations of the so-called indirect distances that were characterised by their alignment along the three orthogonal axes (x, y, z) of the anatomical coordinate system. The inter-individual comparison (16 adult horses [Equus caballus]) of the indirect distances revealed that each sector centre lay within a distinct morphometric residence area. The measured and calculated data also showed that each sector centre could be assigned to its proper extracranial landmark that — in comparison with other landmarks — was best suited for the optimal allocation of the sector centre point.

Abstract

Background: This basically anatomical study focuses on two items; firstly, the establishment of a system for the cartographic subdivision of the neopallium; secondly, the topographical correlation of extracranial landmarks and intracranial sites on the neopallium.
Materials and methods: The surface of the neopallium was subdivided into 15 sectors with reference to a newly introduced pattern of Primary Sulci. The topographical link between extracranial landmarks and certain intracranial sites (i.e. neopallium sectors) was elaborated by using a simple stereotactic device and a computer-assisted measurement device. Measurements were performed between points on the head’s outer surface and on the isolated brain.
Results and Conclusions: The introduction of an anatomical three-dimensional coordinate system was an essential key issue for this investigation. This setting facilitated the measurements and calculations of the so-called indirect distances that were characterised by their alignment along the three orthogonal axes (x, y, z) of the anatomical coordinate system. The inter-individual comparison (16 adult horses [Equus caballus]) of the indirect distances revealed that each sector centre lay within a distinct morphometric residence area. The measured and calculated data also showed that each sector centre could be assigned to its proper extracranial landmark that — in comparison with other landmarks — was best suited for the optimal allocation of the sector centre point.

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Keywords

brain cartography, encephalometry, craniometry, landmark

About this article
Title

Extracranial guiding structures for navigation to specific topographical sectors of the equine neopallium: an anatomical investigation performing three-dimensional distance measurements in adult warm-blooded horses

Journal

Folia Morphologica

Issue

Vol 81, No 2 (2022)

Article type

Original article

Pages

324-335

Published online

2021-05-17

Page views

5066

Article views/downloads

828

DOI

10.5603/FM.a2021.0050

Pubmed

34018176

Bibliographic record

Folia Morphol 2022;81(2):324-335.

Keywords

brain cartography
encephalometry
craniometry
landmark

Authors

F. Heun
L. Böing
J. Theunert
H. Gasse

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