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Course variability of the atlantic (V3) segment of vertebral artery: anatomical study with clinical implications
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Affiliations- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prof. Bogdanowicz Children Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
Background: The atlantic segment of vertebral artery (V3) located at the centre of the cranio-vertebral junction is known for its variability and asymmetry, and is either the target or on the way of numerous procedures in this region. The aim of the study was to visualise variability of V3 segment.
Materials and methods: The V3 segment was studied in 49 specimens of the suboccipital region injected with coloured gelatine. Direct measurements were performed and probabilistic maps were created using digital photography.
Results: The V3 segment has wavy course with possible lateral and significant postero-inferior expansions. In relation to the foramen transversarium the V3 reached up to 5 mm laterally, 23 mm posteriorly, 27 mm medially and up to 11 mm downward. Looking from the medial aspect the course of the V3 is less predictable compared to the lateral approach. Linear measurements and probabilistic maps revealed significant variability and large range of variation. There were 11 cases of V3 tortuosity found in studied material.
Conclusions: The complex and variable spatial conformation of V3 makes individual diagnostic and preoperative approach necessary.
Abstract
Background: The atlantic segment of vertebral artery (V3) located at the centre of the cranio-vertebral junction is known for its variability and asymmetry, and is either the target or on the way of numerous procedures in this region. The aim of the study was to visualise variability of V3 segment.
Materials and methods: The V3 segment was studied in 49 specimens of the suboccipital region injected with coloured gelatine. Direct measurements were performed and probabilistic maps were created using digital photography.
Results: The V3 segment has wavy course with possible lateral and significant postero-inferior expansions. In relation to the foramen transversarium the V3 reached up to 5 mm laterally, 23 mm posteriorly, 27 mm medially and up to 11 mm downward. Looking from the medial aspect the course of the V3 is less predictable compared to the lateral approach. Linear measurements and probabilistic maps revealed significant variability and large range of variation. There were 11 cases of V3 tortuosity found in studied material.
Conclusions: The complex and variable spatial conformation of V3 makes individual diagnostic and preoperative approach necessary.
Keywords
atlanto-occipital joint, cranio-cervical junction, suboccipital triangle, cranio-vertebral junction, vertebral artery anatomy, vertebro-basilar system
About this articleTitle
Course variability of the atlantic (V3) segment of vertebral artery: anatomical study with clinical implications
Journal
Issue
Article type
Original article
Pages
20-25
Published online
2020-03-03
Page views
1131
Article views/downloads
1276
DOI
Pubmed
Bibliographic record
Folia Morphol 2021;80(1):20-25.
Keywords
atlanto-occipital joint
cranio-cervical junction
suboccipital triangle
cranio-vertebral junction
vertebral artery anatomy
vertebro-basilar system
Authors
M. K. Ciołkowski
B. Ciszek
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