open access

Vol 79, No 3 (2020)
Original article
Submitted: 2019-09-30
Accepted: 2019-10-31
Published online: 2019-11-15
Get Citation

A morphological study of retromolar foramen and retromolar canal of modern and medieval population

I. Komarnitki12, H. Mańkowska-Pliszka1, P. Roszkiewicz3, A. Chloupek2
·
Pubmed: 31750537
·
Folia Morphol 2020;79(3):580-587.
Affiliations
  1. Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
  2. Clinical Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
  3. Dental and Laser Medicine Centre, Laski, Poland, Poland

open access

Vol 79, No 3 (2020)
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Submitted: 2019-09-30
Accepted: 2019-10-31
Published online: 2019-11-15

Abstract

Background: Retromolar foramen (RMF) is small external orifice of the retromolar canal (RMC), located in the retromolar region of the mandible. Knowledge about the location of the RMF and the route of the RMC within the mandible is significant for clinical practice due to a high risk of injury during oral and craniomaxillofacial surgery. Materials and methods: In this study, the authors analysed 100 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the modern people’s retromolar region and 26 scans of samples from the medieval population. Additionally, 74 retromolar regions of the medieval people were examined macroscopically. Results: The statistical analysis showed a correlation between the frequency of RMC occurrence and bone thickness on the medial surface of the RMC. Also it was proven that the results of the RMF identification based on macroscopic examination of the bone may be falsely negative or positive and it is caused by destruction caused by resting in soil. Conclusions: Thus, CBCT is the best tool for RMF and RMC identification.

Abstract

Background: Retromolar foramen (RMF) is small external orifice of the retromolar canal (RMC), located in the retromolar region of the mandible. Knowledge about the location of the RMF and the route of the RMC within the mandible is significant for clinical practice due to a high risk of injury during oral and craniomaxillofacial surgery. Materials and methods: In this study, the authors analysed 100 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the modern people’s retromolar region and 26 scans of samples from the medieval population. Additionally, 74 retromolar regions of the medieval people were examined macroscopically. Results: The statistical analysis showed a correlation between the frequency of RMC occurrence and bone thickness on the medial surface of the RMC. Also it was proven that the results of the RMF identification based on macroscopic examination of the bone may be falsely negative or positive and it is caused by destruction caused by resting in soil. Conclusions: Thus, CBCT is the best tool for RMF and RMC identification.

Get Citation

Keywords

retromolar foramen; retromolar canal; cone-beam computed tomography

About this article
Title

A morphological study of retromolar foramen and retromolar canal of modern and medieval population

Journal

Folia Morphologica

Issue

Vol 79, No 3 (2020)

Article type

Original article

Pages

580-587

Published online

2019-11-15

Page views

1211

Article views/downloads

845

DOI

10.5603/FM.a2019.0124

Pubmed

31750537

Bibliographic record

Folia Morphol 2020;79(3):580-587.

Keywords

retromolar foramen
retromolar canal
cone-beam computed tomography

Authors

I. Komarnitki
H. Mańkowska-Pliszka
P. Roszkiewicz
A. Chloupek

References (25)
  1. Agbaje JO, de Casteele EV, Salem AS, et al. Tracking of the inferior alveolar nerve: its implication in surgical planning. Clin Oral Investig. 2017; 21(7): 2213–2220.
  2. Ascadi G, Nemeskeri J. History of human life span and mortality. Budapest. 1970.
  3. Auluck A, Pai KM. Trifid mandibular nerve canal. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2005; 34(4): 259.
  4. Bass WM. Human Osteology a Laboratory and Field Manual. souri Archeological Society 1995.
  5. Bilecenoglu B, Tuncer N. Clinical and anatomical study of retromolar foramen and canal. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006; 64(10): 1493–1497.
  6. Chávez-Lomeli ME, Mansilla Lory J, Pompa JA, et al. The human mandibular canal arises from three separate canals innervating different tooth groups. J Dent Res. 1996; 75(8): 1540–1544.
  7. Choi YY, Han SS. Double mandibular foramen leading to the accessory canal on the mandibular ramus. Surg Radiol Anat. 2014; 36(9): 851–855.
  8. Das S, Suri RK. An anatomico-radiological study of an accessory mandibular foramen on the medial mandibular surface. Folia Morphol. 2004; 63(4): 511–513.
  9. Guy S. Flap design affects recovery from wisdom tooth surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012; 41: 1020–1024.
  10. Fiuza Leite GM, Pelinsar iLana J, de Carvalho Machado V, et al. Anatomic variations and lesions of the mandibular canal detected by cone beam computed tomography. Surg Radiol Anat. 2014; 36(8): 795–804.
  11. Han SS, Hwang YS. Cone beam CT findings of retromolar canals in a Korean population. Surg Radiol Anat. 2014; 36(9): 871–876.
  12. Kawai T, Asaumi R, Sato I, et al. Observation of the retromolar foramen and canal of the mandible: a CBCT and macroscopic study. Oral Radiology. 2011; 28(1): 10–14.
  13. Kawai T, Asaumi R, Kumazawa Y, et al. Observation of the temporal crest canal in the mandibular ramus by cone beam computed tomography and macroscopic study. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2014; 9(2): 295–299.
  14. Kikuta S, Iwanaga J, Nakamura K, et al. The retromolar canals and foramina: radiographic observation and application to oral surgery. Surg Radiol Anat. 2018; 40(6): 647–652.
  15. Kuribayashi A, Watanabe H, Imaizumi A, et al. Bifid mandibular canals: cone beam computed tomography evaluation. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2010; 39(4): 235–239.
  16. Langlais RP, Broadus R, Glass BJ. Bifid mandibular canals in panoramic radiographs. J Am Dent Assoc. 1985; 110(6): 923–926.
  17. Manikandhan R, Mathew PC, Naveenkumar J, et al. A rare variation in the course of the inferior alveolar nerve. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010; 39(2): 185–187.
  18. Martin R, Saller K. Lerhbuch der Anthropologie in Systematicher Darstellung. Stutgard 1957.
  19. Narayana K, Prashanthi N. Incidence of large access- roy mandibular foramen in human mandibles. Eur J Anat. 2003; 7(3): 139–141.
  20. Nortjé CJ, Farman AG, Grotepass FW. Variations in the normal anatomy of the inferior dental (mandibular) canal: a retrospective study of panoramic radiographs from 3612 routine dental patients. Br J Oral Surg. 1977; 15(1): 55–63.
  21. Ossenberg NS. Temporal crest canal: case report and statistics on a rare mandibular variant. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1986; 62(1): 10–12.
  22. Patil S, Matsuda Y, Nakajima K, et al. Retromolar canals as observed on cone-beam computed tomography: their incidence, course, and characteristics. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013; 115(5): 692–699.
  23. Poirot G, Delattre JF, Palot C, et al. The inferior alveolar artery in its bony course. Surg Radiol Anat. 1986; 8(4): 237–244.
  24. Sun-Kyoung Yu, Myoung-Hwa L, Yong Hyun J, et al. Anatomical configuration of the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle: a histomorphometric analysis. Surg Radiol Anat. 2016; 38(2): 195–201.
  25. von Arx T, Hänni A, Sendi P, et al. Radiographic study of the mandibular retromolar canal: an anatomic structure with clinical importance. J Endod. 2011; 37(12): 1630–1635.

Regulations

Important: This website uses cookies. More >>

The cookies allow us to identify your computer and find out details about your last visit. They remembering whether you've visited the site before, so that you remain logged in - or to help us work out how many new website visitors we get each month. Most internet browsers accept cookies automatically, but you can change the settings of your browser to erase cookies or prevent automatic acceptance if you prefer.

By VM Media Group sp. z o.o., Grupa Via Medica, Świętokrzyska 73, 80–180 Gdańsk, Poland

tel.: +48 58 320 94 94, faks: +48 58 320 94 60, e-mail: viamedica@viamedica.pl