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Differences in foetal topographical anatomy between insertion sites of the iliopsoas and gluteus medius muscles into the proximal femur: a consideration of femoral torsion
Affiliations- Department of Anatomy, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Asuka Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Institute of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Background: Prenatal twisting of the femoral neck seems to result in an angle of anteversion or torsion, but the underlying process has not been elucidated.
Materials and methods: This study analysed sagittal, frontal and horizontal sections of 34 embryo and foetal specimens of gestational age (GA) 6–16 weeks (crown-rump length 21–130 mm). At GA 6–7 weeks, the iliopsoas (IP) and gluteus medius (GME) muscles were inserted into the anterior and posterior aspects of the femur, respectively, allowing both insertions to be viewed in a single sagittal section.
Results: At GA 8 weeks, the greater trochanter and the femoral neck angle became evident, and the GME tendon was inserted into the upper tip of the trochanter. At GA 9 weeks, the location of IP insertion was to the medial side of the GME insertion. After 9 weeks, the IP insertion consisted of a wavy, tendino- us part of the psoas muscle and another part of the iliacus muscle, with many fibres of the latter muscle attached to the joint capsule. After GA 12 weeks, the IP was inserted into the anteromedial side of the greater trochanter, while the aponeurotic insertion of the GME wrapped around the trochanter. At GA 15–16 weeks, a deep flexion at the hip joint caused an alteration in the relative heights of the lesser and greater trochanter, with the former migrating from the inferior to the slightly superior side.
Conclusions: These findings indicate that twisting of the femoral neck started at GA 8–9 weeks.
Abstract
Background: Prenatal twisting of the femoral neck seems to result in an angle of anteversion or torsion, but the underlying process has not been elucidated.
Materials and methods: This study analysed sagittal, frontal and horizontal sections of 34 embryo and foetal specimens of gestational age (GA) 6–16 weeks (crown-rump length 21–130 mm). At GA 6–7 weeks, the iliopsoas (IP) and gluteus medius (GME) muscles were inserted into the anterior and posterior aspects of the femur, respectively, allowing both insertions to be viewed in a single sagittal section.
Results: At GA 8 weeks, the greater trochanter and the femoral neck angle became evident, and the GME tendon was inserted into the upper tip of the trochanter. At GA 9 weeks, the location of IP insertion was to the medial side of the GME insertion. After 9 weeks, the IP insertion consisted of a wavy, tendino- us part of the psoas muscle and another part of the iliacus muscle, with many fibres of the latter muscle attached to the joint capsule. After GA 12 weeks, the IP was inserted into the anteromedial side of the greater trochanter, while the aponeurotic insertion of the GME wrapped around the trochanter. At GA 15–16 weeks, a deep flexion at the hip joint caused an alteration in the relative heights of the lesser and greater trochanter, with the former migrating from the inferior to the slightly superior side.
Conclusions: These findings indicate that twisting of the femoral neck started at GA 8–9 weeks.
Keywords
torsion; femur; neck angle; hip joint rotation; trochanter; iliopsoas muscle; gluteus medius muscle; human foetus
About this articleTitle
Differences in foetal topographical anatomy between insertion sites of the iliopsoas and gluteus medius muscles into the proximal femur: a consideration of femoral torsion
Journal
Issue
Article type
Original article
Pages
408-418
Published online
2018-08-31
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2315
Article views/downloads
1217
DOI
Pubmed
Bibliographic record
Folia Morphol 2019;78(2):408-418.
Keywords
torsion
femur
neck angle
hip joint rotation
trochanter
iliopsoas muscle
gluteus medius muscle
human foetus
Authors
P. Zhao
Z.W. Jin
J.H. Kim
H. Abe
G. Murakami
J.F. Rodríguez-Vázquez
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