open access
Hypertrophic reversed palmaris longus muscle: a cadaveric finding
Affiliations- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Professor Ernani Mello, 101, 24210-150 Niterói, Brazil
- SARAH Hospital, Brasilia, Brazil., St. de Habitações Individuais Norte EQL 11/13, 71535-005 Brasilia, Brazil
open access
Abstract
Variations of the forearm musculature are vastly described in the literature. The palmaris longus muscle is one of the most variable structures of the human body. It usually arises from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and inserts itself into the palmar aponeurosis. Anatomy textbooks and recent papers state that this muscle may act as a weak wrist flexor. The present work aims to report an anatomical variation where the palmaris longus muscle was abnormally hypertrophied and was completely fleshy throughout the whole forearm. Anatomical variations of the palmaris longus may induce symptoms of neurovascular bundle compression, especially of the median nerve. The palmaris longus muscle may be used in tendon graft or muscle graft, due to its lack of apparent function. Furthermore, it is one of the anatomical landmarks for local anaesthesia procedures. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 2: 403–405)
Abstract
Variations of the forearm musculature are vastly described in the literature. The palmaris longus muscle is one of the most variable structures of the human body. It usually arises from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and inserts itself into the palmar aponeurosis. Anatomy textbooks and recent papers state that this muscle may act as a weak wrist flexor. The present work aims to report an anatomical variation where the palmaris longus muscle was abnormally hypertrophied and was completely fleshy throughout the whole forearm. Anatomical variations of the palmaris longus may induce symptoms of neurovascular bundle compression, especially of the median nerve. The palmaris longus muscle may be used in tendon graft or muscle graft, due to its lack of apparent function. Furthermore, it is one of the anatomical landmarks for local anaesthesia procedures. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 2: 403–405)
Keywords
anatomical variations, palmaris longus muscle, fully fleshy, hypertrophied
About this articleTitle
Hypertrophic reversed palmaris longus muscle: a cadaveric finding
Journal
Issue
Article type
Case report
Pages
403-405
Published online
2017-10-23
Page views
1516
Article views/downloads
1029
DOI
Pubmed
Bibliographic record
Folia Morphol 2018;77(2):403-405.
Keywords
anatomical variations
palmaris longus muscle
fully fleshy
hypertrophied
Authors
L. Pires
J.-P. Perissé
G.C.S. Araújo
J. Manaia
A. Fonseca Júnior
M.A. Babinski
References (23)- Barkáts N. Change of the agenesis rate of palmaris longus muscle in an isolated village in Ukraine. Folia Morphol. 2015; 74(4): 470–474.
- Barkáts N. Hypertrophy of palmaris longus muscle, a rare anatomic aberration. Folia Morphol. 2015; 74(2): 262–264.
- Bhashyam AR, Harper CM, Iorio ML. Reversed palmaris longus muscle causing volar forearm pain and ulnar nerve paresthesia. J Hand Surg Am. 2017; 42(4): 298.e1–298.e5.
- Christos L, Konstantinos N, Evagelos P. Revision of Carpal Tunnel Release due to Palmaris Longus Profundus. Case Rep Orthop. 2015; 2015: 616051.
- Cıftçıoğlu E, Kopuz C, Corumlu U, et al. Accessory muscle in the forearm: a clinical and embryological approach. Anat Cell Biol. 2011; 44(2): 160–163.
- Depuydt KH, Schuurman AH, Kon M. Reversed palmaris longus muscle causing effort-related median nerve compression. J Hand Surg Br. 1998; 23(1): 117–119.
- Dimitriou I, Katsourakis A, Natsis K, et al. Palmaris Longus Muscle's Prevalence in Different Nations and Interesting Anatomical Variations: Review of the Literature. J Clin Med Res. 2015; 7(11): 825–830.
- Diogo R, Abdala V, Aziz MA, et al. From fish to modern humans--comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the pectoral and forelimb musculature. J Anat. 2009; 214(5): 694–716.
- Fröber R, Linss W. Anatomic bases of the forearm compartment syndrome. Surg Radiol Anat. 1994; 16(4): 341–347.
- Le Double A-F. Traité des variations du système musculaire de l’homme et de leur signification au point de vue de l’anthropologie zoologique. Paris: Schleischer Fréres. 1897.
- Mathew AJ, Sukumaran TT, Joseph S. Versatile but temperamental: a morphological study of palmaris longus in the cadaver. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015; 9(2): AC01–AC03.
- Murabit A, Gnarra M, Mohamed A. Reversed palmaris longus muscle: Anatomical variant - case report and literature review. Can J Plast Surg. 2013; 21(1): 55–56.
- Natsis K, Didagelos M, Manoli Sm, et al. Fleshy palmaris longus muscle - a cadaveric finding and its clinical significance: a case report. Hippokratia. 2012; 16(4): 378–380.
- Natsis K, Levva S, Totlis T, et al. Three-headed reversed palmaris longus muscle and its clinical significance. Ann Anat. 2007; 189(1): 97–101.
- Pai MM, Prabhu LV, Nayak SR, et al. The palmaris longus muscle: its anatomic variations and functional morphology. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2008; 49(2): 215–217.
- Ramesh P, Aswin P, Gupta PA. fleshy palmaris longus muscle. Anatomy Journal of Africa. 2015; 4(1): 436–439.
- Salgado G, Cantín M, Inzunza O, et al. Bilateral reversed palmaris longus muscle: a rare anatomical variation. Folia Morphol. 2012; 71(1): 52–55.
- Schoenwolf G, Bleyl S, Brauer P, Francis-West P. Larsen's Human Embryology. 5th ed. Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia 2014: 576.
- Schuurman AH, van Gils AP. Reversed palmaris longus muscle on MRI: report of four cases. Eur Radiol. 2000; 10(8): 1242–1244.
- Souza C, Pires L, Figueiredo L, et al. Palmaris inversus muscle: a case report with clinical and surgical discussions. Int J Anat Res. 2017; 5(4.1): 4500–4503.
- Testut L, Latarjet A. Tratado de Anatomía Humana. 8th ed. Salvat, Barcelona 1958.
- Tubbs RS, Shoja MM, Loukas M. editors. Bergman's Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation. Wiley-Blackwell, Philadelphia 2016.
- Yildiz M, Sener M, Aynaci O. Three-headed reversed palmaris longus muscle: a case report and review of the literature. Surg Radiol Anat. 2000; 22(3-4): 217–219.
