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Morphometric analysis of three-rooted mandibular first molars in a Slovene population: a macroscopic and cone-beam computed tomography analysis
- Department of Dental Diseases and Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
open access
Abstract
Background: This study examined the root morphology of mandibular first molars (MFMs) with radix entomolaris (RE), which presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for clinicians.
Materials and methods: A total of 17 three-rooted MFMs were taken from a collection of extracted teeth. Root lengths and levels of furcations were measured with a digital calliper. The pulp floor configuration, root canal systems, and RE canal curvatures were evaluated using the cone-beam computed tomography scans.
Results: Radix entomolaris was either located disto-lingually, with its coronal portion fixed to the distal root (n = 16) or mid-lingually (n = 1). A literature search identified four additional cases of MFMs with RE located mid-lingually. In the present study, RE was significantly (p ≤ 0.001) shorter than the distal root (DR) and the mesial root, on average by 2.04 mm and 3.15 mm, respectively. The level of the distal furcation was significantly (p = 0.003) lower than that of the mesiodistal furcation, on average by 1.39 mm. The average divergence angle formed by the cervical portions of the RE and DR canals was 53.14°. All RE canals were severely curved (> 25°) in buccolingual direction. The RE orifice was located slightly disto-lingually to considerably mesio-lingually from the DR orifice.
Conclusions: The traditional assumption of a disto-lingually located RE needs to be changed, even though this is the most prevalently found variant of this anatomy. The additional variant includes the presence of a mid-lingually located RE, which has implications for the endodontic access cavity design.
Abstract
Background: This study examined the root morphology of mandibular first molars (MFMs) with radix entomolaris (RE), which presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for clinicians.
Materials and methods: A total of 17 three-rooted MFMs were taken from a collection of extracted teeth. Root lengths and levels of furcations were measured with a digital calliper. The pulp floor configuration, root canal systems, and RE canal curvatures were evaluated using the cone-beam computed tomography scans.
Results: Radix entomolaris was either located disto-lingually, with its coronal portion fixed to the distal root (n = 16) or mid-lingually (n = 1). A literature search identified four additional cases of MFMs with RE located mid-lingually. In the present study, RE was significantly (p ≤ 0.001) shorter than the distal root (DR) and the mesial root, on average by 2.04 mm and 3.15 mm, respectively. The level of the distal furcation was significantly (p = 0.003) lower than that of the mesiodistal furcation, on average by 1.39 mm. The average divergence angle formed by the cervical portions of the RE and DR canals was 53.14°. All RE canals were severely curved (> 25°) in buccolingual direction. The RE orifice was located slightly disto-lingually to considerably mesio-lingually from the DR orifice.
Conclusions: The traditional assumption of a disto-lingually located RE needs to be changed, even though this is the most prevalently found variant of this anatomy. The additional variant includes the presence of a mid-lingually located RE, which has implications for the endodontic access cavity design.
Keywords
radix entomolaris, supernumerary root, dental morphology, dental anthropology, odontometrics
Title
Morphometric analysis of three-rooted mandibular first molars in a Slovene population: a macroscopic and cone-beam computed tomography analysis
Journal
Issue
Article type
Original article
Pages
203-211
Published online
2021-01-22
Page views
5914
Article views/downloads
1155
DOI
Pubmed
Bibliographic record
Folia Morphol 2022;81(1):203-211.
Keywords
radix entomolaris
supernumerary root
dental morphology
dental anthropology
odontometrics
Authors
L. Strmšek
I. Štamfelj
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