open access
Anatomical review of the mandibular lingula for inferior alveolar nerve block
, 2
Affiliations- Department of Dental Hygiene, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, South Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, South Korea
open access
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to perform a review of the literature related to the anatomy of the mandibular lingula and to provide information to improve the execution of effective anaesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve in clinical practices of the mandible.
Prognathic mandibles have a lingula that is located more posterior and superior than non-prognathic mandibles. Most of the lingulae are located above the occlusal plane, but it is occasionally located at or below the occlusal plane. The lingula of the triangular shape was generally located slightly more superior and posterior than other shapes.
The mandibular lingula is an important anatomical landmark, and accurate information for exact lingula features is required during inferior alveolar nerve block anaesthesia. Proper evaluation of the lingula is key to effective anaesthesia and decreases the failure rate of the inferior alveolar nerve in clinical practices of the mandible.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to perform a review of the literature related to the anatomy of the mandibular lingula and to provide information to improve the execution of effective anaesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve in clinical practices of the mandible.
Prognathic mandibles have a lingula that is located more posterior and superior than non-prognathic mandibles. Most of the lingulae are located above the occlusal plane, but it is occasionally located at or below the occlusal plane. The lingula of the triangular shape was generally located slightly more superior and posterior than other shapes.
The mandibular lingula is an important anatomical landmark, and accurate information for exact lingula features is required during inferior alveolar nerve block anaesthesia. Proper evaluation of the lingula is key to effective anaesthesia and decreases the failure rate of the inferior alveolar nerve in clinical practices of the mandible.
Keywords
mandible, inferior alveolar nerve, nerve block, anatomy, morphology, location
About this articleTitle
Anatomical review of the mandibular lingula for inferior alveolar nerve block
Journal
Issue
Article type
Review article
Pages
786-791
Published online
2020-11-03
Page views
7566
Article views/downloads
1983
DOI
Pubmed
Bibliographic record
Folia Morphol 2021;80(4):786-791.
Keywords
mandible
inferior alveolar nerve
nerve block
anatomy
morphology
location
Authors
D.-Y. Choi
M.-S. Hur
References (25)- Ahn BS, Oh SH, Heo CK, et al. Cone-beam computed tomography of mandibular foramen and lingula for mandibular anesthesia. Imaging Sci Dent. 2020; 50(2): 125–132.
- Akcay H, Kalabalık F, Tatar B, et al. Location of the mandibular lingula: Comparison of skeletal Class I and Class III patients in relation to ramus osteotomy using cone-beam computed tomography. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019; 120(6): 504–508.
- Aps JKM, Gazdeck LY, Nelson T, et al. Assessment of the location of the mandibular lingula in pediatric patients using cone beam computed tomography images. . J Dent Child (Chic). 2018; 85(2): 58–65.
- Asdullah M, Ansari AA, Khan MH, et al. Morphological variations of lingula and prevalence of accessory mandibular foramina in mandibles: A study. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2018; 9(2): 129–133.
- Desai VC, Desai S, Shaik HS. Morphological study of mandible. J Pharmaceut Sci Res. 2014; 6(4): 175.
- Fabian FM. Observation of the position of the lingula in relation to the mandibular foramen and the mylohyoid groove. Ital J Anat Embryol. 2006; 111(3): 151–158.
- Findik Y, Yildirim D, Baykul T. Three-dimensional anatomic analysis of the lingula and mandibular foramen: a cone beam computed tomography study. J Craniofac Surg. 2014; 25(2): 607–610.
- Jansisyanont P, Apinhasmit W, Chompoopong S. Shape, height, and location of the lingula for sagittal ramus osteotomy in Thais. Clin Anat. 2009; 22(7): 787–793.
- Jung YH, Cho BH, Hwang JJ. Location and shape of the mandibular lingula: Comparison of skeletal class I and class III patients using panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography. Imaging Sci Dent. 2018; 48(3): 185–190.
- Kanno CM, de Ol, Cannon M, et al. The mandibular lingula's position in children as a reference to inferior alveolar nerve block. J Dent Child (Chic). 2005; 72(2): 56–60.
- Keros J, Kobler P, Baucić I, et al. Foramen mandibulae as an indicator of successful conduction anesthesia. Coll Antropol. 2001; 25(1): 327–331.
- Khoury JN, Mihailidis S, Ghabriel M, et al. Applied anatomy of the pterygomandibular space: improving the success of inferior alveolar nerve blocks. Aust Dent J. 2011; 56(2): 112–121.
- Kim HJ, Lee HY, Chung IH, et al. Mandibular anatomy related to sagittal split ramus osteotomy in Koreans. Yonsei Med J. 1997; 38(1): 19–25.
- Kositbowornchai S, Siritapetawee M, Damrongrungruang T, et al. Shape of the lingula and its localization by panoramic radiograph versus dry mandibular measurement. Surg Radiol Anat. 2007; 29(8): 689–694.
- Lima FJC, Oliveira Neto OB, Barbosa FT, et al. Location, shape and anatomic relations of the mandibular foramen and the mandibular lingula: a contribution to surgical procedures in the ramus of the mandible. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016; 20(2): 177–182.
- Lopes P, Pereira G, Santos A. Morphological analysis of the lingula in dry mandibles of individuals in Southern Brazil. J Morphol Sci. 2017; 27(3-4).
- Monnazzi MS, Passeri LA, Gabrielli MFR, et al. Anatomic study of the mandibular foramen, lingula and antilingula in dry mandibles, and its statistical relationship between the true lingula and the antilingula. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012; 41(1): 74–78.
- Nusstein J, Reader Al, Beck FM. Anesthetic efficacy of different volumes of lidocaine with epinephrine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks. Gen Dent. 2002; 50(4): 372–5; quiz 376.
- Samanta P, Kharb P. Morphological analysis of the lingula in dry adult human mandibles of north Indian population. J Cranio-Maxillary Diseases. 2012; 1(1): 7.
- Sekerci AE, Sisman Y. Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of the shape, height, and location of the mandibular lingula. Surg Radiol Anat. 2014; 36(2): 155–162.
- Senel B, Ozkan A, Altug HA. Morphological evaluation of the mandibular lingula using cone-beam computed tomography. Folia Morphol. 2015; 74(4): 497–502.
- Tengku Shaeran TA, Shaari R, Abdul Rahman S, et al. Morphometric analysis of prognathic and non-prognathic mandibles in relation to BSSO sites using CBCT. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2017; 7(1): 7–12.
- Tuli A, Choudhry R, Choudhry S, et al. Variation in shape of the lingula in the adult human mandible. J Anat. 2000; 197 ( Pt 2): 313–317.
- Woo SS, Cho JY, Park WH, et al. et al.. A study of mandibular anatomy for orthognathic surgery in Koreans. J Korean Ass Oral Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2002; 28(2): 126–131.
- Zhou C, Jeon TH, Jun SH, et al. Evaluation of mandibular lingula and foramen location using 3-dimensional mandible models reconstructed by cone-beam computed tomography. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017; 39(1): 30.
