The analysis of renal artery cross-section area and kidney volume in computed tomography angiography
, 1, 2, 3, 1
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between renal artery cross-section area and kidney volume with consideration of anatomical variants of renal arteries, sexual dimorphism and lateralisation. Materials and methods: Two hundred and two patients, 104 women and 98 men, aged 57.3 ± 16 years were examined using computed tomography angiography (CTA) of abdominal aorta for various reasons. The cross-section areas of renal arteries were measured automatically with a vessel tracking programme and summed up on each side in case of the presence of additional renal arteries. The kidneys were measured manually. Results: Additional renal arteries (ARA) were found in 68 (33.7%) patients. Fifty-three (77.9%) of them had one, 11 (16.2%) two and 4 (5.9%) three ARAs. Bilateral ARAs occurred in 10 cases (14.7% patients with ARA). Proximal branching of renal artery occurred in 36 (8.4%) renal arteries. The cross-section area of the largest renal artery depended on the number of ipsilateral renal arteries. Mean cross-section area of the main left renal artery was larger than on the right side (28.52 mm2 vs. 25.36 mm2, p < 0.01) in the whole analysed group. Strong sexual dimorphism in renal artery cross-section area was observed (p < 0.01) in favour of men (31.3 mm2 in men and 22.9 mm2 in women). Mean total renal artery cross-section area has positively correlated with kidney volume (p < 10–13) in both sexes with Pearson correlation value of 0.5. Conclusions: The cross-section area of renal arteries correlated positively with kidney volume in both sexes. Presence of ARAs does not influence the sum of cross-section areas of renal arteries. In case of a difference between left and right renal artery cross-section area with symmetrical kidneys, it is necessary to look for ARA.
Keywords: renal dimensionsrenal vasculatureaccessory renal arteries
References
- Antoniou GA, Karkos CD, Antoniou SA, et al. Can an accessory renal artery be safely covered during endovascular aortic aneurysm repair? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2013; 17(6): 1025–1027.
- Aytac SK, Yigit H, Sancak T, et al. Correlation between the diameter of the main renal artery and the presence of an accessory renal artery: sonographic and angiographic evaluation. J Ultrasound Med. 2003; 22(5): 433–9; quiz 440.
- Bordei P, Sapte E, Iliescu D. Double renal arteries originating from the aorta. Surg Radiol Anat. 2004; 26(6): 474–479.
- Budhiraja V, Rastogi R, Anjankar V, et al. Supernumerary renal arteries and their embryological and clinical correlation: a cadaveric study from north India. ISRN Anat. 2013; 2013: 405712.
- Canyigit M, Hidiroglu M, Uguz E, et al. Iliorenal periscope graft to maintain blood flow to accessory renal artery. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2015; 21(4): 334–337.
- Carter JT, Freise CE, McTaggart RA, et al. Laparoscopic procurement of kidneys with multiple renal arteries is associated with increased ureteral complications in the recipient. Am J Transplant. 2005; 5(6): 1312–1318.
- Emamian SA, Nielsen MB, Pedersen JF, et al. Kidney dimensions at sonography: correlation with age, sex, and habitus in 665 adult volunteers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993; 160(1): 83–86.
- Glodny B, Rapf K, Unterholzner V, et al. Accessory or additional renal arteries show no relevant effects on the width of the upper urinary tract: a 64-slice multidetector CT study in 1072 patients with 2132 kidneys. Br J Radiol. 2011; 84(998): 145–152.
- Glodny B, Unterholzner V, Taferner B, et al. Normal kidney size and its influencing factors - a 64-slice MDCT study of 1.040 asymptomatic patients. BMC Urol. 2009; 9: 19.
- He B, Mitchell A. A novel technique for reconstruction of multiple renal arteries in live donor kidney transplantation: a case report and literature review. Transplant Proc. 2012; 44(10): 3055–3058.
- Id D, Kaltenbach B, Bertog SC, et al. Does the presence of accessory renal arteries affect the efficacy of renal denervation? JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2013; 6(10): 1085–1091.
- Juluru K, Rotman JA, Masi P, et al. Semiautomated CT-based quantification of donor kidney volume applied to a predictive model of outcomes in renal transplantation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2015; 204(5): W566–W572.
- Kornafel O, Baran B, Pawlikowska I, et al. Analysis of anatomical variations of the main arteries branching from the abdominal aorta, with 64-detector computed tomography. Pol J Radiol. 2010; 75(2): 38–45.
- Mersa B, Gürkan A, Ozçelik B, et al. Anastomosis of accessory arteries via microsurgical technique in renal transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2011; 43(3): 819–821.
- R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 2015.
- Ramadan SU, Yiğit H, Gökharman D, et al. Can renal dimensions and the main renal artery diameter indicate the presence of an accessory renal artery? A 64-slice CT study. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2011; 17(3): 266–271.
- Raza M, Hameed A, Khan MI. Ultrasonographic assessment of renal size and its correlation with body mass index in adults without known renal disease. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2011; 23(3): 64–68.
- Tarzamni MK, Nezami N, Rashid RJ, et al. Anatomical differences in the right and left renal arterial patterns. Folia Morphol. 2008; 67(2): 104–110.
- Zhao XY, Tian J, Ru YH, et al. Application value of multislice spiral computed tomography angiography in the evaluation of renal artery variation in living donor kidney transplantation. Genet Mol Res. 2015; 14(1): 314–322.
