Vol 77, No 3 (2018)
Case report
Published online: 2017-11-27
Recurrence of atretic parietal cephalocele in adult: a case report and review of literature
Abstract
Common presentation of atretic parietal cephalocele is mostly seen in infants and young children. It is a palpable midline parietal soft tissue mass which is thought to represent involuted true cephalocele (meningocele or encephalocele) connected to dura mater via a fibrous stalk. Atretic parietal cephalocele is associated with increased incidence of intracranial anomalies.. Parietal cephaloceles comprise about 1% of all cerebrospinal congenital malformations and 10% of cephaloceles. We report here the case of an atretic parietal cephalocele with no associated brain malformations in adult.
Keywords: atretic cephaloceleencephalocelestraight sinusbrain herniationadultneuroradiology
References
- Abubacker S, Lakhkar B, Shetty D, et al. Adult atretic parietal cephalocele. Neurol India. 2002; 50(3): 334–336.
- Ahmet Ş, Miktat K, Can HY, et al. Atretic cephalocele in adults. Acta Neurochir. 2011; 153(11): 2275–2277.
- Arishima H, Neishi H, Kikuta KI. Occipital cephalocele with neural crest remnants? Radiological and pathological findings in a newborn boy. Childs Nerv Syst. 2016; 32(6): 1141–1144.
- A'teriitehau C, Adem C, Levêque C, et al. [Intradiploic parietal meningoencephalocele]. J Radiol. 2004; 85(5 Pt 1): 646–648.
- Aydin MD. Atretic cephalocele communicating with lateral ventricles. Childs Nerv Syst. 2001; 17(11): 679–680.
- Ballantyne JW. Manual of antenatal pathology and hygiene; in the embryo. Edinburgh: W. Green and Sons. 1904.
- Barkovich AJ. Congenital Malformations of the brain and skull. In: Pediatric Neuroimaging (4th ed). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2005: 291–439.
- Bannister CM, Russell SA, Rimmer S, et al. Can prognostic indicators be identified in a fetus with an encephalocele? Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2000; 10 Suppl 1: 20–23.
- Bick DS, Brockland JJ, Scott AR. A scalp lesion with intracranial extension. Atretic cephalocele. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015; 141(3): 289–290.
- Brunelle F, Baraton J, Renier D, et al. Intracranial venous anomalies associated with atretic cephalocoeles. Pediatr Radiol. 2000; 30(11): 743–747.
- Budorick NE, Pretorius DH, McGahan JP, et al. Cephalocele detection in utero: sonographic and clinical features. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1995; 5(2): 77–85.
- Campbell LR, Dayton DH, Sohal GS. Neural tube defects: a review of human and animal studies on the etiology of neural tube defects. Teratology. 1986; 34(2): 171–187.
- Chapman PH, Swearingen B, Caviness VS. Subtorcular occipital encephaloceles. Anatomical considerations relevant to operative management. J Neurosurg. 1989; 71(3): 375–381.
- Cohen MM, Lemire RJ. Syndromes with cephaloceles. Teratology. 1982; 25(2): 161–172.
- Commens C, Rogers M, Kan A. Heterotropic brain tissue presenting as bald cysts with a collar of hypertrophic hair. The 'hair collar' sign. Arch Dermatol. 1989; 125(9): 1253–1256.
- Da Silva SL, Jeelani Y, Dang Ha, et al. Risk factors for hydrocephalus and neurological deficit in children born with an encephalocele. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015; 15(4): 392–398.
- David DJ. Cephaloceles: classification, pathology, and management--a review. J Craniofac Surg. 1993; 4(4): 192–202.
- Davidson L, Gonzalez-Gomez I, McComb JG. Completely intraosseous atretic meningocele. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2009; 45(4): 308–310.
- Drapkin AJ. Rudimentary cephalocele or neural crest remnant? Neurosurgery. 1990; 26(4): 667–73; discussion 674.
- Friede RL. Anencephaly, rachischisis and encephaloceles. Developmental neuropathology. In: malformations. Springer Verlag, New York. 1975: 230–240.
- Friede RL. Developmental neuropathology. Springer-Verlag, New York. 1989: 31–34.
- Goldstein RB, LaPidus AS, Filly RA. Fetal cephaloceles: diagnosis with US. Radiology. 1991; 180(3): 803–808.
- Hall JG, Friedman JM, Kenna BA, et al. Clinical, genetic, and epidemiological factors in neural tube defects. Am J Hum Genet. 1988; 43(6): 827–837.
- Hsu SW, Chaloupka JC. Atretic parietal cephalocele associated with sinus pericranii: embryological consideration. Brain Dev. 2012; 34(4): 325–328.
- Ingraham F, Swan H. Spina bifida and cranium bifidum. N Engl J Med. 1943; 228(18): 559–563.
- James CC, Lassman LP. Spina bifida occulta. In:, Lassman LP (ed). Spinal Dysraphism. (1st ed) Butterworths, London. 1972: 89–97.
- Jeanty P, Shah D, Zaleski W, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal cephalocele: a sonographic spectrum. Am J Perinatol. 1991; 8(2): 144–149.
- Karch SB, Urich H. Occipital encephalocele: a morphological study. J Neurol Sci. 1972; 15(1): 89–112.
- Lo BWY, Kulkarni AV, Rutka JT, et al. Clinical predictors of developmental outcome in patients with cephaloceles. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2008; 2(4): 254–257.
- Lorber J. The prognosis of occipital encephalocele. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008; 9: 75–86.
- Mahajan C, Rath GP, Bithal PK, et al. Perioperative management of children with giant encephalocele: a clinical report of 29 cases. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2017; 29(3): 322–329.
- Martinez-Lage JF, Sola J, Casas C, et al. Atretic cephalocele: the tip of the iceberg. J Neurosurg. 1992; 77(2): 230–235.
- Martínez-Lage JF, Capel A, Costa TR, et al. The child with a mass on its head: diagnostic and surgical strategies. Childs Nerv Syst. 1992; 8(5): 247–252.
- Martínez-Lage JF, Poza M, Sola J, et al. The child with a cephalocele: etiology, neuroimaging, and outcome. Childs Nerv Syst. 1996; 12(9): 540–550.
- McLaurin RL. Parietal cephaloceles. Neurology. 1964; 14: 764–772.
- Mealey J, Dzenitis AJ, Hockey AA. The prognosis of encephaloceles. J Neurosurg. 1970; 32(2): 209–218.
- Morioka T, Hashiguchi K, Samura K, et al. Detailed anatomy of intracranial venous anomalies associated with atretic parietal cephaloceles revealed by high-resolution 3D-CISS and high-field T2-weighted reversed MR images. Childs Nerv Syst. 2009; 25(3): 309–315.
- Naidich TP, Altman NR, Braffman BH, et al. Cephaloceles and related malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1992; 13(2): 655–690.
- Osborn AG. Brain development and congenital malformation. In: Diagnostic Neuroradiology (ed). Mosby Year Book. 1994: 3–116.
- Paetau A, Salonen R, Haltia M. Brain pathology in the Meckel syndrome: a study of 59 cases. Clin Neuropathol. 1985; 4(2): 56–62.
- Patterson RJ, Egelhoff JC, Crone KR, et al. Atretic parietal cephaloceles revisited: an enlarging clinical and imaging spectrum? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998; 19(4): 791–795.
- Patil AA, Etemadrezaie H. Posttraumatic intradiploic meningoencephalocele. Case report. J Neurosurg. 1996; 84(2): 284–287.
- Peters J, Raab P, Marquardt G, et al. Intradiploic meningoencephalocele. Eur Radiol. 2002; 12 Suppl 3: S25–S27.
- Quintero RA, Abuhamad A, Hobbins JC, et al. Transabdominal thin-gauge embryofetoscopy: a technique for early prenatal diagnosis and its use in the diagnosis of a case of Meckel-Gruber syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993; 168(5): 1552–1557.
- Ramadani HM, Nasrat HA. Prenatal diagnosis of recurrent Meckel syndrome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1992; 39(4): 327–332.
- Sertié AL, Quimby M, Moreira ES, et al. A gene which causes severe ocular alterations and occipital encephalocele (Knobloch syndrome) is mapped to 21q22.3. Hum Mol Genet. 1996; 5(6): 843–847.
- Sepulveda W, Wong AE, Andreeva E, et al. Sonographic spectrum of first-trimester fetal cephalocele: review of 35 cases. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015; 46(1): 29–33.
- Simpson DA, David DJ, White J. Cephaloceles: treatment, outcome, and antenatal diagnosis. Neurosurgery. 1984; 15(1): 14–21.
- Şengöz A, Kaya M, Yildirim CH, et al. Atretic cephalocele in adults. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2011; 153(11): 2275–2277.
- Urich H. Malformations of the nervous system, perinatal damage and related conditions in early life. In: Blackwood W, Corsellis JAN (ed). Greenfield's neuropathology. Yearbook, Chicago. 1976: 377–469.
- Warkany J. Congenital malformations: notes and comments. Year Book Medical Publ, Chicago. 1971: 211–216.
- Willner A, Kantrowitz AB, Cohen AF. Intrasphenoidal encephalocele: diagnosis and management. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994; 111(6): 834–837.
- Yeoh GP, Bale PM, de Silva M. Nasal cerebral heterotopia: the so-called nasal glioma or sequestered encephalocele and its variants. Pediatr Pathol. 1989; 9(5): 531–549.
- Yilmaz O, Oztekin P, Turan A, et al. Recurrent atretic parietal cephalocele in adult and radiological findings. Eurasian J Med. 2012; 44(1): 58–59.
- Yokota A, Matsukado Y, Fuwa I, et al. Anterior basal encephalocele of the neonatal and infantile period. Neurosurgery. 1986; 19(3): 468–478.
- Yokota A, Kajiwara H, Kohchi M, et al. Parietal cephalocele: clinical importance of its atretic form and associated malformations. J Neurosurg. 1988; 69(4): 545–551.
- Zinreich SJ, Borders JC, Eisele DW, et al. The utility of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of intranasal meningoencephaloceles. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1992; 118(11): 1253–1256.