open access

Vol 77, No 3 (2018)
Original article
Submitted: 2017-09-17
Accepted: 2017-11-27
Published online: 2017-12-08
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Quantitative prenatal growth of the cervical sympathetic trunk components in sheep (Ovis arise) during the foetal period

S. Bamohabat1, J. Nourinezhad2, Y. Mazaheri2
·
Pubmed: 29235087
·
Folia Morphol 2018;77(3):456-463.
Affiliations
  1. PhD Graduated Student of Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
  2. Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran

open access

Vol 77, No 3 (2018)
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Submitted: 2017-09-17
Accepted: 2017-11-27
Published online: 2017-12-08

Abstract

Background: Six liner measurements of constant cranial cervical ganglion (CCG), three inconstant main, first, second middle cervical ganglia (MG, MG1, MG2), and interganglionic branch (IGB) were taken to determine normal foetal growth rates and patterns of cervical sympathetic trunk (CST) components in different gestational ages. Materials and methods: Forty sheep foetuses of both sexes aged from 60 to 140 days were divided into four groups and 80 sides of foetuses were examined under a stereomicroscope using a digital calliper. Results: Following findings were obtained: 1) There was no significant difference for the values between sex and body side among all age groups, although sex and laterality differences in CST length and laterality differences in IGB total length and MG1 width were found regardless of age groups. 2) Correlations between dimensions of CST components and crown-rump length (CRL) were always positive during foetal period and decreased with increasing foetal age. 3) The highest growth rate in CST components in foetal sheep took place in the youngest age group because of rapid growth rates in lengths of IGB and CCG. Conclusions: Based on these detailed findings, comparative prenatal growth rates and patterns of animal organs and body, embryological and histological data as well as neurovertebral relationships among cervical parts of sympathetic trunk, spinal cord, and vertebral column were discussed and compared with previous studies. Although allometric growth of CST in relation to CRL was constant between foetal sheep and pig, there were specific characteristics in prenatal growth of CST components in foetal sheep which were different from those of foetal pig. It seems that only growth pattern in length of CST in sheep during foetal period follows the same growth pattern of CRL, body weight, and length of cervical parts of spinal cord and vertebral column.

Abstract

Background: Six liner measurements of constant cranial cervical ganglion (CCG), three inconstant main, first, second middle cervical ganglia (MG, MG1, MG2), and interganglionic branch (IGB) were taken to determine normal foetal growth rates and patterns of cervical sympathetic trunk (CST) components in different gestational ages. Materials and methods: Forty sheep foetuses of both sexes aged from 60 to 140 days were divided into four groups and 80 sides of foetuses were examined under a stereomicroscope using a digital calliper. Results: Following findings were obtained: 1) There was no significant difference for the values between sex and body side among all age groups, although sex and laterality differences in CST length and laterality differences in IGB total length and MG1 width were found regardless of age groups. 2) Correlations between dimensions of CST components and crown-rump length (CRL) were always positive during foetal period and decreased with increasing foetal age. 3) The highest growth rate in CST components in foetal sheep took place in the youngest age group because of rapid growth rates in lengths of IGB and CCG. Conclusions: Based on these detailed findings, comparative prenatal growth rates and patterns of animal organs and body, embryological and histological data as well as neurovertebral relationships among cervical parts of sympathetic trunk, spinal cord, and vertebral column were discussed and compared with previous studies. Although allometric growth of CST in relation to CRL was constant between foetal sheep and pig, there were specific characteristics in prenatal growth of CST components in foetal sheep which were different from those of foetal pig. It seems that only growth pattern in length of CST in sheep during foetal period follows the same growth pattern of CRL, body weight, and length of cervical parts of spinal cord and vertebral column.

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Keywords

development; growth; prenatal period; sheep; sympathetic trunk

About this article
Title

Quantitative prenatal growth of the cervical sympathetic trunk components in sheep (Ovis arise) during the foetal period

Journal

Folia Morphologica

Issue

Vol 77, No 3 (2018)

Article type

Original article

Pages

456-463

Published online

2017-12-08

Page views

1784

Article views/downloads

918

DOI

10.5603/FM.a2017.0111

Pubmed

29235087

Bibliographic record

Folia Morphol 2018;77(3):456-463.

Keywords

development
growth
prenatal period
sheep
sympathetic trunk

Authors

S. Bamohabat
J. Nourinezhad
Y. Mazaheri

References (13)
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  2. Frasch MG, Müller T, Wicher C, et al. Fetal body weight and the development of the control of the cardiovascular system in fetal sheep. J Physiol. 2007; 579(Pt 3): 893–907.
  3. Getty R. Sisson and Grossman's the Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia 1975.
  4. Ghazi SR, Gholami S. Allometric growth of the spinal cord in relation to the vertebral column during prenatal and postnatal life in the sheep (Ovis aries). J Anat. 1994; 185 ( Pt 2): 427–431.
  5. Majewski M. Synaptogenesis and structure of the autonomic ganglia. Folia Morphol. 1999; 58(3 Suppl 2): 65–99.
  6. McGeady TA, Quinn PJ, Fitzpatrick ES, Rayon MT. Veterinary Embryology. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK 2006.
  7. Morel O, Laporte-Broux B, Tarrade A, et al. The use of ruminant models in biomedical perinatal research. Theriogenology. 2012; 78(8): 1763–1773.
  8. Nourinezhad J, Gilanpour H, Radmehr B. Prenatal development of the fetal thoracic sympathetic trunk in sheep (Ovis aries). Auton Neurosci. 2013; 177(2): 154–162.
  9. Nourinezhad J, Mazaheri Y, Biglari Z. Detailed anatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2015; 298(8): 1479–1491.
  10. Nourinezhad J, Mazaheri Y, Saberifar S. Topography and Morphology of the Bovine Cranial Cervical Ganglion and its Branches. Int J Morphol. 2016; 34(2): 545–556.
  11. Nourinezhad J, Bamohabat S, Mazaheri Y. Developmental morphology and topography of the components of the cervical sympathetic trunk in sheep (ovis aries) during the fetal period. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2017; 300(12): 2250–2262.
  12. Pospieszny N, Bruzewicz S. Morphology and development of the cervical part of the sympathetic trunk (pars cervicalis trunci sympathici) in the pig (Sus scrofa L.) during the prenatal period. Ann Anat. 1998; 180(4): 353–359.
  13. Sivachelvan MN, Ghali Ali M, Chibuzo GA. Foetal age estimation in sheep and goats. Small Rum Reas. 1996; 19(1): 69–76.

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