Vol 76, No 2 (2017)
Original article
Published online: 2016-11-04

open access

Page views 1573
Article views/downloads 1096
Get Citation

Connect on Social Media

Connect on Social Media

Morphological characteristics of visual cells in the endemic Korean loach Kichulchoia multifasciata (Pisces; Cobitidae) by microscopy

J. G. Kim1, J. Y. Park1
Pubmed: 27813623
Folia Morphol 2017;76(2):186-190.

Abstract

The visual cell of the retina in the Korean loach Kichulchoia multifasciata, a bottom-dwelling freshwater loach in shallow water, contains double cones and large rods. With light microscopy, the cones form a row mosaic pattern in which the partners of double cones are linearly oriented with a large rod. In a double cone or twin cone, the two members are unequal such that one cone may be longer than the other. An anatomical unit is apparent which consists of 5 rod cells and 15 double cone cells per 20 × 20 μm area. We found that the cone cells of outer segments are linked to the inner segment by so-called “calyceal process” using a scanning electron microscopy, unlike rod cells. In the transmission electron microscopy, the outer membrane shows piles of membrane discs surrounded by double membranes.  

Article available in PDF format

View PDF Download PDF file

References

  1. Anctil M. Structure de la rétine chez quelques téléostéens marins du plateau continental. J Fish Res Board Ca. 1969; 26(3): 597–628.
  2. Ali MA, Anctil M. Retinas of fishes: an atlas. Springer-Verlag, New York 1976: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66435-9.
  3. Boehlert GW. Retinal development in postlarval through juvenile Sebastes diploproa: adaptations to a changing photic environment. Rev Can Biol. 1979; 38: 265–280.
  4. Bowmaker JK. The visual pigments of fish. Prog Retin and Eye Res. 1995; 15(1): 1–31.
  5. Collins BA, MacNichol EF. Triple cones found in retinas of 3 fish species. Experientia. 1979; 35(1): 106–108.
  6. Collin SP. A web-based archive for topographic maps of retinal cell distribution in vertebrates. Clin Exp Optom. 2008; 91(1): 85–95.
  7. Collin SP, Shand J. Retinal sampling and the visual field in fish. In: Collin SP, Marshall NJ (ed.). Sensory processing in aquatic environments. Springer-Verlag, New York 2013: 139–169.
  8. Dearry A, Burnside B. Dopaminergic Regulation of Cone Retinomotor Movement in Isolated Teleost Retinas: I. Induction of Cone Contraction Is Mediated by D2 Receptors. J Neurochem. 1986; 46(4): 1006–1021.
  9. Dearry A, Burnside B. Stimulation of Distinct D2 Dopaminergic and ? 2 -Adrenergic Receptors Induces Light-Adaptive Pigment Dispersion in Teleost Retinal Pigment Epithelium . J Neurochemi. 1988; 51(5): 1516–1523.
  10. Engström K. Cone types and cone arrangements in teleost retinae. Acta Zoologica. 1963; 44(1-2): 179–243.
  11. Fernald RD. Cone mosaic in a teleost retina: No difference between light and dark adapted states. Experientia. 1982; 38(11): 1337–1339.
  12. Fernald RD. Aquatic adaptations of fish eyes. In: Atema J, Fay RR, Popper AN, Tavolga WN (ed.). Sensory biology of aquatic animals. Springer-Verlag, New York 1988: 435–485.
  13. Reckel F, Melzer R, Smola U. Outer retinal fine structure of the garfish Belone belone (L.) (Belonidae, Teleostei) during light and dark adaptation - photoreceptors, cone patterns and densities. Acta Zoologica. 2002; 82(2): 89–105.
  14. George CK, Robert KC. Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. McGraw Hill, Boston 2001: 387–454.
  15. Gurr E. A practical manual of medical and biological staining techniques. Interscience Publishers, New York 1956: 1–99.
  16. Hagedorn M, Mack A, Evans B, et al. The embryogenesis of rod photoreceptors in the teleost fish retina, Haplochromis burtoni. Dev Brain Res. 1998; 108(1-2): 217–227.
  17. Kim ISA. A review of the spined loaches, Family Cobitidae (Cypriniformes) in Korea. Korean J Ichthyol. 2009; 21: 7–28.
  18. Kim IS, Park JY. Freshwater fishes of Korea. Kyo-Hak Publishing Co.Ltd, Seoul. 2002: 230–233.
  19. Kim JG, Park JY, Kim CH. Visual cells in the retina of the aucha perchCoreoperca herziHerzenstein, 1896 (Pisces; Centropomidae) of Korea. J Applied Ichthyol. 2013; 30(1): 172–174.
  20. Kunz Y. Cone mosaics in a teleost retina: Changes during light and dark adaptation. Experientia. 1980; 36(12): 1371–1374.
  21. Lyall AH. Occurrence of triple and quadruple cones in the retina of the minnow (phoxinus laevis). Nature. 1956; 177(4519): 1086–1087.
  22. Lyall AH. Cone arrangements in teleost retinae. J Cell Sci. 1957; 98: 189–201.
  23. Meer van der HJ. Constructional morphology of photoreceptor patterns in percomorph fish. Acta Biotheoretica. 1992; 40(1): 51–85.
  24. Meer van der HJ, Bowmaker JK. Interspecific variation of photoreceptors in four co-existing haplochromine cichlid fishes. Brain, Behavior Evolut. 2008; 45(4): 232–240.
  25. Monica RL. Morphology of the eye and visual acuities in the settlement-intervals of some coral reef fishes (Labridae, Scaridae). Environ Biol Fish. 2001; 62: 365–378.
  26. Nag T, Bhattacharjee J. Retinal vascularisation in the loach Noemacheilus rupicola rupicola: coexistence of falciform process and vitreal vessels. Environmental Biol Fish. 1993; 36(4): 385–388.
  27. Nag T, Bhattacharjee J. Retinal cytoarchitecture in some mountain-stream teleosts of India. Environ Biol Fish. 2002; 63(4): 435–449.
  28. Nicol JAC. The eyes of fishes. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1989: 308.
  29. O’ Connel CP. The structure of the eye of sardinops caerulea, engraulis mordax, and four other pelagic marine teleosts. J Morphol. 1963; 113: 287–329.
  30. Polyak S. The vertebrate visual system. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1957: 178.
  31. Rossetto ES, Dolder H, Sazima I. Double cone mosaic pattern in the retina of larval and adult piranha,Serrasalmus spilopleura. Experientia. 1992; 48(6): 597–599.
  32. Thomas JL, Craig WH. cular dimensions and cone photoreceptor topography in adult Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Environ Biol Fish. 2010: 369–376.
  33. Wagner HJ. Retinal structure of fishes. In: Douglas RH, Djamgoz MBA (ed.). The visual system of fish. Chapman and Hall, London 1990: 109–158.
  34. Wheeler TG. Color vision and retinal chromatic information processing in teleost: a review. Brain Res. 1982; 257(2): 177–235.
  35. Yuko T, Tadashi O, Fumio T. Three-Dimensional reconstitution of cone arrangement on the spherical surface of the retina in the medaka eyes. Zoological Science. 1997; 14(5): 795–801.