open access

Vol 54, No 1 (2016)
Original paper
Submitted: 2015-07-06
Accepted: 2016-03-08
Published online: 2016-05-10
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One week’s holiday sun exposure induces expression of photoaging biomarkers

Aleksandra Lesiak, Michal Rogowski-Tylman, Marian Danilewicz, Anna Wozniacka, Joanna Narbutt
DOI: 10.5603/FHC.a2016.0001
·
Pubmed: 27044588
·
Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2016;54(1):42-48.

open access

Vol 54, No 1 (2016)
ORIGINAL PAPERS
Submitted: 2015-07-06
Accepted: 2016-03-08
Published online: 2016-05-10

Abstract

Introduction. Skin aging is accompanied by the upregulation of the expression of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). It was shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) may induce skin expression of MMPs and dysregulation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/Smad pathway. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of short holiday UVR exposure and lifetime UVR exposure, on the expression of MMP-8, TGF-β1, and Smad2 in human skin biopsies.

Material and methods. Skin biopsies were taken from the outer upper arm of 15 elderly people with significant photoaging (mean age 64.1 years) (Group 1) and from 15 healthy young adult volunteers (mean age 24.1 y) who participated in a six-day sun holiday. Biopsies were taken twice: 24 hours before leaving for holiday (Group 2a) and 24 hours after returning (Group 2b). The expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, and MMP-8 was examined by immunochemistry and measured semiquantitatively by two independent pathologists.

Results. The mean expression of TGF-β1 in dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes in Group 1 and Group 2b was significantly lower than in Group 2a (0.54% ± 0.44% and 0.48% ± 0.51% vs. 1.48% ± 0.72%, respectively). The percentage of Smad2 (+) cells in Group 1 and Group 2b was lower than in Group 2a (2.13% ± 1.39% and 1.81% ± 1.16% vs. 4.13% ± 1.58%, respectively). The MMP-8 expression in Group 2b was 1.36% ± 0.68% and was significantly higher than in Group 1 (0.34% ± 0.42%) and Group 2a in which the protein was not detected (p < 0.001).

Conclusions. We conclude that the decrease in the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad2 is a persistent biomarker of skin photoaging, while the increased expression of MMP-8 in keratinocytes can be regarded as a marker of acute sun exposure.

Abstract

Introduction. Skin aging is accompanied by the upregulation of the expression of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). It was shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) may induce skin expression of MMPs and dysregulation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/Smad pathway. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of short holiday UVR exposure and lifetime UVR exposure, on the expression of MMP-8, TGF-β1, and Smad2 in human skin biopsies.

Material and methods. Skin biopsies were taken from the outer upper arm of 15 elderly people with significant photoaging (mean age 64.1 years) (Group 1) and from 15 healthy young adult volunteers (mean age 24.1 y) who participated in a six-day sun holiday. Biopsies were taken twice: 24 hours before leaving for holiday (Group 2a) and 24 hours after returning (Group 2b). The expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, and MMP-8 was examined by immunochemistry and measured semiquantitatively by two independent pathologists.

Results. The mean expression of TGF-β1 in dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes in Group 1 and Group 2b was significantly lower than in Group 2a (0.54% ± 0.44% and 0.48% ± 0.51% vs. 1.48% ± 0.72%, respectively). The percentage of Smad2 (+) cells in Group 1 and Group 2b was lower than in Group 2a (2.13% ± 1.39% and 1.81% ± 1.16% vs. 4.13% ± 1.58%, respectively). The MMP-8 expression in Group 2b was 1.36% ± 0.68% and was significantly higher than in Group 1 (0.34% ± 0.42%) and Group 2a in which the protein was not detected (p < 0.001).

Conclusions. We conclude that the decrease in the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad2 is a persistent biomarker of skin photoaging, while the increased expression of MMP-8 in keratinocytes can be regarded as a marker of acute sun exposure.

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Keywords

photoaging; TGF-β1; Smad2; MMP-8; short and long UVR exposure; IHC

About this article
Title

One week’s holiday sun exposure induces expression of photoaging biomarkers

Journal

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

Issue

Vol 54, No 1 (2016)

Article type

Original paper

Pages

42-48

Published online

2016-05-10

Page views

1930

Article views/downloads

2086

DOI

10.5603/FHC.a2016.0001

Pubmed

27044588

Bibliographic record

Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2016;54(1):42-48.

Keywords

photoaging
TGF-β1
Smad2
MMP-8
short and long UVR exposure
IHC

Authors

Aleksandra Lesiak
Michal Rogowski-Tylman
Marian Danilewicz
Anna Wozniacka
Joanna Narbutt

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