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Risk of left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease
, 1, 23, 4, 4, 1, 1, 3, 2, 23, 4, 4, 23, 4, 1, 1, 1
Affiliations- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
- 1st Clinic of Cardiology and Electrotherapy, Swietokrzyskie Cardiology Center, Kielce, Poland
- Collegium Medicum, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, Poland
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Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics, the incidence of left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus and its predictors, and spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) in a population of patients with AF depending on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values.
Methods: This study included 1962 patients who underwent transesophageal echocardiographic examination prior to cardioversion or ablation in the years 2014–2018 in three cardiac centers.
Results: More than a quarter of AF patients had decreased eGFR (< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and were characterized as a high-risk population, with more comorbidities, higher thromboembolic and bleeding risk compared to those with normal renal function. Oral anticoagulation (OAC) was prescribed in 97% and 93% of patients with decreased and normal eGFR, respectively, with a higher prevalence of prescribed non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). The incidence of LAA thrombus (24%, 9% and 4%) and SEC (25%, 25% and 19%) increases simultaneously with a decrease in eGFR (< 30, 30–59 and ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively). Among patients prescribed reduced doses of NOAC, those with decreased eGFR were more often observed with LAA thrombus (10% vs. 2.5%). Non-paroxysmal AF, heart failure and previous bleeding were predictors of LAA thrombus, irrespective of eGFR value. CKD was the predictor of LAA thrombus in all patients including those with non-paroxysmal AF, males, without diabetes, without hypertension and with CHA2DS2-VASc < 2.
Conclusions: Despite OAC, patients with concomitant AF and CKD remain at high risk for LAA thrombus formation.
Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics, the incidence of left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus and its predictors, and spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) in a population of patients with AF depending on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values.
Methods: This study included 1962 patients who underwent transesophageal echocardiographic examination prior to cardioversion or ablation in the years 2014–2018 in three cardiac centers.
Results: More than a quarter of AF patients had decreased eGFR (< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and were characterized as a high-risk population, with more comorbidities, higher thromboembolic and bleeding risk compared to those with normal renal function. Oral anticoagulation (OAC) was prescribed in 97% and 93% of patients with decreased and normal eGFR, respectively, with a higher prevalence of prescribed non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). The incidence of LAA thrombus (24%, 9% and 4%) and SEC (25%, 25% and 19%) increases simultaneously with a decrease in eGFR (< 30, 30–59 and ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively). Among patients prescribed reduced doses of NOAC, those with decreased eGFR were more often observed with LAA thrombus (10% vs. 2.5%). Non-paroxysmal AF, heart failure and previous bleeding were predictors of LAA thrombus, irrespective of eGFR value. CKD was the predictor of LAA thrombus in all patients including those with non-paroxysmal AF, males, without diabetes, without hypertension and with CHA2DS2-VASc < 2.
Conclusions: Despite OAC, patients with concomitant AF and CKD remain at high risk for LAA thrombus formation.
Keywords
oral anticoagulation, renal failure, stroke prevention, thromboembolic risk
About this articleTitle
Risk of left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease
Journal
Issue
Article type
Original Article
Pages
205-215
Published online
2020-03-18
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6598
Article views/downloads
1905
DOI
Pubmed
Bibliographic record
Cardiol J 2022;29(2):205-215.
Keywords
oral anticoagulation
renal failure
stroke prevention
thromboembolic risk
Authors
Monika Budnik
Monika Gawałko
Iwona Gorczyca
Beata Uziębło-Życzkowska
Paweł Krzesiński
Janusz Kochanowski
Piotr Scisło
Anna Michalska
Olga Jelonek
Katarzyna Starzyk
Agnieszka Jurek
Marek Kiliszek
Beata Wożakowska-Kapłon
Grzegorz Gielerak
Krzysztof J. Filipiak
Grzegorz Opolski
Agnieszka Kapłon-Cieślicka
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