open access

Vol 21, No 6 (2014)
Review Article
Submitted: 2014-07-22
Accepted: 2014-09-18
Published online: 2014-12-18
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How can we improve management of syncope in the Emergency Department?

Marc A. Probst, Benjamin C. Sun
DOI: 10.5603/CJ.a2014.0074
·
Cardiol J 2014;21(6):643-650.

open access

Vol 21, No 6 (2014)
Review articles
Submitted: 2014-07-22
Accepted: 2014-09-18
Published online: 2014-12-18

Abstract

Syncope is a common and challenging presenting complaint to the Emergency Department (ED). Despite substantial research efforts, there is still considerable uncertainty about the optimal ED management of syncope. There is continued interest among clinicians and researchers in improving diagnostic algorithms and optimizing resource utilization. In this paper, we discuss 4 strategies to improve the emergency care of syncope patients: (1) Development of accurate and consistent risk-stratification, (2) Increased use of syncope observation protocols, (3) Evaluation of a discharge with ambulatory monitoring pathway, (4) Use of shared decision-making for disposition decisions. Since current risk-stratification tools have fallen short with regard to subsequent validation and implementation into clinical practice, we outline key factors for future risk-stratification research. We propose that observation units have the potential to safely decrease length-of-stay and hospital costs for hemodynamically stable, intermediate risk patients without adversely affecting clinical outcomes. For appropriate patients with a negative ED evaluation, we recommend consideration of direct discharge, with ambulatory monitoring and expedited follow-up, as a means of decreasing costs and reducing iatrogenic harms. Finally, we advocate for the use of shared decision-making regarding the ultimate disposition of select, intermediate risk patients who have not had a serious condition revealed in the ED. If properly implemented, these four strategies could significantly improve the care of ED syncope patients by helping clinicians identify truly high-risk patients, decreasing unnecessary hospitalizations, and increasing patient satisfaction.

Abstract

Syncope is a common and challenging presenting complaint to the Emergency Department (ED). Despite substantial research efforts, there is still considerable uncertainty about the optimal ED management of syncope. There is continued interest among clinicians and researchers in improving diagnostic algorithms and optimizing resource utilization. In this paper, we discuss 4 strategies to improve the emergency care of syncope patients: (1) Development of accurate and consistent risk-stratification, (2) Increased use of syncope observation protocols, (3) Evaluation of a discharge with ambulatory monitoring pathway, (4) Use of shared decision-making for disposition decisions. Since current risk-stratification tools have fallen short with regard to subsequent validation and implementation into clinical practice, we outline key factors for future risk-stratification research. We propose that observation units have the potential to safely decrease length-of-stay and hospital costs for hemodynamically stable, intermediate risk patients without adversely affecting clinical outcomes. For appropriate patients with a negative ED evaluation, we recommend consideration of direct discharge, with ambulatory monitoring and expedited follow-up, as a means of decreasing costs and reducing iatrogenic harms. Finally, we advocate for the use of shared decision-making regarding the ultimate disposition of select, intermediate risk patients who have not had a serious condition revealed in the ED. If properly implemented, these four strategies could significantly improve the care of ED syncope patients by helping clinicians identify truly high-risk patients, decreasing unnecessary hospitalizations, and increasing patient satisfaction.

Get Citation

Keywords

syncope, emergency medicine, clinical management, observation, risk-stratification

About this article
Title

How can we improve management of syncope in the Emergency Department?

Journal

Cardiology Journal

Issue

Vol 21, No 6 (2014)

Article type

Review Article

Pages

643-650

Published online

2014-12-18

Page views

1575

Article views/downloads

1899

DOI

10.5603/CJ.a2014.0074

Bibliographic record

Cardiol J 2014;21(6):643-650.

Keywords

syncope
emergency medicine
clinical management
observation
risk-stratification

Authors

Marc A. Probst
Benjamin C. Sun

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