Background: More than 5% of patients over the age of 65 have been found to develop heart failure, and over half of them preserve normal left ventricular systolic function. In the last few years, diastolic heart failure has become a serious clinical and epidemiological problem.
Methods: This prospective study was carried out on 99 patients. Patients were evaluated up to three months after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Evaluation was performed three times: within the first 24 hours after primary PCI, on day seven after PCI and at three months after PCI. We analyzed the relationship between the severity of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction and atherosclerosis risk factors, infarction site, maximum levels of cardiac biomarkers such as troponin I, CPK and CK-MB, CRP protein levels, angioplasty effectiveness, reperfusion time, TIMI and TMPG grade.
Results: Most patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary PCI demonstrated left ventricle diastolic dysfunction on the first day of myocardial infarction. Levels of cardiac biomarkers were significantly higher in patients with restrictive filling pattern. The inflammatory response (CRP levels) was found to have an important role in the development of diastolic abnormalities. There was a close relationship between diastolic and systolic function. Average values of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with restrictive filling pattern were significantly lower than in those with impaired relaxation (44.7 vs. 52.7%; p < 0.001) and normal filling (54.2%; p = 0.002).
Conclusions: More than half of patients with a first STEMI have left ventricle diastolic dysfunction within the first day after PCI, and these abnormalities are still present three months after PCI. Time and effectiveness of reperfusion, CRP level, troponin I, max, CPK max and CK-MB max levels as well as left ventricular ejection fraction have an important influence on the development of diastolic dysfunction. Infarct extension contributes significantly to the process.