Risk factors and the prevalence of hypertension in young adults

Abstract

Background Elevated blood pressure value and its elongated duration increases the risk of associated complications. It underlines the necessity of detection of hypertension at the early stage, especially in young adults, when the prevention is effective. It was estimated that the prevalence of hypertension in Poland was 20-30%, but this value is inadeqate in young adults. The aim of the study was to assess basic risk factors and the prevalence of hypertension in medical students, aged 18–25.
Material and methods The cross-sectional study involved a BP measurement, in accordance with Polish Society of Hypertension and European Society of Hypertension guidelines, and the questionnaire estimating basic risk factors of hypertension in 532 students, aged 18–25. The statistical analysis was performed with EpiInfo 6.0 procedures.
Results Optimal BP was recognized in 39.3% and hypertension in 14.8% students (both more frequently in men, p < 0.001). The prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension was 3.7% (more frequently in men, p < 0.05). Hypertensive subjects were more frequently overweight than students with normal BP (p < 0.05). Young adults with hypertension more frequently used diet rich in fat than students with normal BP (p < 0.05). Additionally, smoking habit and family history of hypertension did not increase the risk of hypertension.
Conclusions The results revealed frequent incidence of hypertension in young adults (about 15%). The risk factors were obesity and improper diet. It justifies the necessity of cross-sectional studies in young adults to detect hypertension and to promote healthy lifestyle in young people.