Lung transplantations remain the treatment option offered for patients suffering from end-stage pulmonary diseases who do not respond to conventional therapy. The most frequent indications include homogenous emphysema, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cystic fibrosis. There are approximately 1600 single lung and double lung transplantations performed worldwide per year. In opposition, the number of lung transplantations in Poland is dramatically low, despite well established programs of other organs allotransplantations (including heart). The estimated required number of lung transplantations in Poland exceeds 50 cases per year. The article describes briefly history, indications, contraindications, early and late postoperative complications. Author tries to analyze the reasons for low number of potential recipients referred to thoracic surgeons and proposes some solutions based on multidisciplinary approach and cooperation intended to improve the existing state-of-the-art.