Multimedialna platforma wiedzy medycznej Internetowa Księgarnia Medyczna Kalendarium Konferencji
Acta Haematologica Polonica
MENU
Shortcuts Submit an article Author Guidelines Reviewers 2022

open access

Vol 53, No 4 (2022)
Review article
Submitted: 2022-07-31
Accepted: 2022-07-31
Published online: 2022-08-01
View PDF Download PDF file View HTML
Get Citation

Supportive care in multiple myeloma

Artur Jurczyszyn1, Grzegorz Charliński2, David H. Vesole34
DOI: 10.5603/AHP.a2022.0031
·
Acta Haematol Pol 2022;53(4):227-240.
Affiliations
  1. Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Center, Department of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Kraków, Poland
  2. Department of Hematology, Medical Faculty, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
  3. Department of Hematology/Oncology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
  4. John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, New Jersey, United States

open access

Vol 53, No 4 (2022)
REVIEW ARTICLE
Submitted: 2022-07-31
Accepted: 2022-07-31
Published online: 2022-08-01

Abstract

Multiple myeloma is one of the most commonly diagnosed blood cancers. Due to the introduction of new therapies in recent years, there has been significant progress in treating myeloma. Even so, with the introduction of new groups of drugs, there have been some adverse events. In addition to anti-myeloma treatment, patients require supportive therapies. This article presents the principles of supportive treatment in emergencies and discusses the toxicity associated with the use of new groups of drugs.

Abstract

Multiple myeloma is one of the most commonly diagnosed blood cancers. Due to the introduction of new therapies in recent years, there has been significant progress in treating myeloma. Even so, with the introduction of new groups of drugs, there have been some adverse events. In addition to anti-myeloma treatment, patients require supportive therapies. This article presents the principles of supportive treatment in emergencies and discusses the toxicity associated with the use of new groups of drugs.

Full Text:

View PDF Download PDF file View HTML
Get Citation

Keywords

adverse events, management, multiple myeloma, supportive care

About this article
Title

Supportive care in multiple myeloma

Journal

Acta Haematologica Polonica

Issue

Vol 53, No 4 (2022)

Article type

Review article

Pages

227-240

Published online

2022-08-01

Page views

3938

Article views/downloads

1181

DOI

10.5603/AHP.a2022.0031

Bibliographic record

Acta Haematol Pol 2022;53(4):227-240.

Keywords

adverse events
management
multiple myeloma
supportive care

Authors

Artur Jurczyszyn
Grzegorz Charliński
David H. Vesole

References (104)
  1. Cowan AJ, Allen C, Barac A, et al. Global burden of multiple myeloma: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. JAMA Oncol. 2018; 4(9): 1221–1227.
    CrossRefPubMed
  2. Giannopoulos K, Jamroziak K, Usnarska-Zubkiewicz L, et al. Recommendations of the Polish Myeloma Group regarding the diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma and other plasma cell dyscrasias for 2021. Polish Myeloma Group 2021.
  3. Langseth ØO, Myklebust TÅ, Johannesen TB, et al. Incidence and survival of multiple myeloma: a population-based study of 10 524 patients diagnosed 1982-2017. Br J Haematol. 2020; 191(3): 418–425.
    CrossRefPubMed
  4. Thorsteinsdottir S, Dickman PW, Landgren O, et al. Dramatically improved survival in multiple myeloma patients in the recent decade: results from a Swedish population-based study. Haematologica. 2018; 103(9): e412–e415.
    CrossRefPubMed
  5. Dimopoulos MA, Moreau P, Terpos E, et al. EHA Guidelines Committee., ESMO Guidelines Committee. Multiple myeloma: EHA-ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2021; 32(3): 309–322.
    CrossRefPubMed
  6. Katzel JA, Hari P, Vesole DH. Multiple myeloma: charging toward a bright future. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007; 57(5): 301–318.
    CrossRefPubMed
  7. Moreau P, Hulin C, Macro M, et al. VTD is superior to VCD prior to intensive therapy in multiple myeloma: results of the prospective IFM2013-04 trial. Blood. 2016; 127(21): 2569–2574.
    CrossRefPubMed
  8. Moreau P, Attal M, Hulin C, et al. Bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone with or without daratumumab before and after autologous stem-cell transplantation for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (CASSIOPEIA): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2019; 394(10192): 29–38.
    CrossRefPubMed
  9. Durie BGM, Hoering A, Abidi MH, et al. Bortezomib with lenalidomide and dexamethasone versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone alone in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma without intent for immediate autologous stem-cell transplant (SWOG S0777): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017; 389(10068): 519–527.
    CrossRefPubMed
  10. Facon T, Kumar S, Plesner T, et al. MAIA Trial Investigators. Daratumumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone for untreated myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2019; 380(22): 2104–2115.
    CrossRefPubMed
  11. Mateos MV, Dimopoulos MA, Cavo M, et al. ALCYONE Trial Investigators. Daratumumab plus bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone for untreated myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2018; 378(6): 518–528.
    CrossRefPubMed
  12. Stewart AK, Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, et al. ASPIRE Investigators. Carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372(2): 142–152.
    CrossRefPubMed
  13. Mateos MV, Masszi T, Grzasko N, et al. TOURMALINE-MM1 Study Group. Oral ixazomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2016; 374(17): 1621–1634.
    CrossRefPubMed
  14. Bahlis NJ, Dimopoulos MA, White DJ, et al. Daratumumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: extended follow-up of POLLUX, a randomized, open-label, phase 3 study. Leukemia. 2020; 34(7): 1875–1884.
    CrossRefPubMed
  15. Dimopoulos MA, Lonial S, White D, et al. Elotuzumab plus lenalidomide/dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: ELOQUENT-2 follow-up and post-hoc analyses on progression-free survival and tumour growth. Br J Haematol. 2017; 178(6): 896–905.
    CrossRefPubMed
  16. Dimopoulos MA, Moreau P, Palumbo A, et al. ENDEAVOR Investigators. Carfilzomib and dexamethasone versus bortezomib and dexamethasone for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (ENDEAVOR): a randomised, phase 3, open-label, multicentre study. Lancet Oncol. 2016; 17(1): 27–38.
    CrossRefPubMed
  17. Mateos MV, Sonneveld P, Hungria V, et al. Daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone versus bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with previously treated multiple myeloma: three-year follow-up of CASTOR. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2020; 20(8): 509–518.
    CrossRefPubMed
  18. Dimopoulos M, Quach H, Mateos MV, et al. Carfilzomib, dexamethasone, and daratumumab versus carfilzomib and dexamethasone for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CANDOR): results from a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2020; 396(10245): 186–197.
    CrossRefPubMed
  19. Facon T, Lee JH, Moreau P, et al. ENDEAVOR Investigators. Carfilzomib and dexamethasone versus bortezomib and dexamethasone for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (ENDEAVOR): a randomised, phase 3, open-label, multicentre study. Lancet Oncol. 2016; 17(1): 27–38.
    CrossRefPubMed
  20. Miguel JS, Weisel K, Moreau P, et al. Pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone versus high-dose dexamethasone alone for patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM-003): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013; 14(11): 1055–1066.
    CrossRef
  21. Richardson PG, Oriol A, Beksac M, et al. OPTIMISMM trial investigators. Pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma previously treated with lenalidomide (OPTIMISMM): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019; 20(6): 781–794.
    CrossRefPubMed
  22. Dimopoulos MA, Terpos E, Boccadoro M, et al. APOLLO Trial Investigators. Daratumumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone versus pomalidomide and dexamethasone alone in previously treated multiple myeloma (APOLLO): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021; 22(6): 801–812.
    CrossRefPubMed
  23. Attal M, Richardson PG, Rajkumar SV, et al. ICARIA-MM study group. Isatuximab plus pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone versus pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (ICARIA-MM): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2019; 394(10214): 2096–2107.
    CrossRefPubMed
  24. Dimopoulos MA, Dytfeld D, Grosicki S, et al. Elotuzumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2018; 379(19): 1811–1822.
    CrossRefPubMed
  25. Mehta J, Singhal S. Hyperviscosity syndrome in plasma cell dyscrasias. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2003; 29(5): 467–471.
    CrossRefPubMed
  26. Gertz MA. Acute hyperviscosity: syndromes and management. Blood. 2018; 132(13): 1379–1385.
    CrossRefPubMed
  27. Stone MJ, Bogen SA. Evidence-based focused review of management of hyperviscosity syndrome. Blood. 2012; 119(10): 2205–2208.
    CrossRefPubMed
  28. Kyle RA, Gertz MA, Witzig TE, et al. Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003; 78(1): 21–33.
    CrossRefPubMed
  29. Ludwig H, Fritz E, Kotzmann H, et al. [Erythropoietin treatment of tumor-associated anemia in patients with multiple myeloma] [Article in German]. Onkologie. 1990; 13(1): 46–49.
    CrossRefPubMed
  30. Horváth-Puhó E, Suttorp MM, Frederiksen H, et al. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and cardiovascular events in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple myeloma. Clin Epidemiol. 2018; 10: 1371–1380.
    CrossRefPubMed
  31. Anaissie EJ, Coleman EA, Goodwin JA, et al. Prophylactic recombinant erythropoietin therapy and thalidomide are predictors of venous thromboembolism in patients with multiple myeloma: limited effectiveness of thromboprophylaxis. Cancer. 2012; 118(2): 549–557.
    CrossRefPubMed
  32. Karlsson J, Andréasson B, Kondori N, et al. Comparative study of immune status to infectious agents in elderly patients with multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2011; 18(6): 969–977.
    CrossRefPubMed
  33. Nucci M, Anaissie E. Infections in patients with multiple myeloma in the era of high-dose therapy and novel agents. Clin Infect Dis. 2009; 49(8): 1211–1225.
    CrossRefPubMed
  34. Oken MM, Pomeroy C, Weisdorf D, et al. Prophylactic antibiotics for the prevention of early infection in multiple myeloma. Am J Med. 1996; 100(6): 624–628.
    CrossRef
  35. Vesole DH, Oken MM, Heckler C, et al. University of Rochester Cancer Center and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Oral antibiotic prophylaxis of early infection in multiple myeloma: a URCC/ECOG randomized phase III study. Leukemia. 2012; 26(12): 2517–2520.
    CrossRefPubMed
  36. Drayson MT, Bowcock S, Planche T, et al. TEAMM Trial Management Group and Trial Investigators. Levofloxacin prophylaxis in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma (TEAMM): a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019; 20(12): 1760–1772.
    CrossRefPubMed
  37. Meyers JD, Wade JC, Mitchell CD, et al. Multicenter collaborative trial of intravenous acyclovir for treatment of mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in the immunocompromised host. Am J Med. 1982; 73(1A): 229–235.
    CrossRefPubMed
  38. Chanan-Khan A, Sonneveld P, Schuster MW, et al. Analysis of herpes zoster events among bortezomib-treated patients in the phase III APEX study. J Clin Oncol. 2008; 26(29): 4784–4790.
    CrossRefPubMed
  39. Cook G, John Ashcroft A, Pratt G, et al. United Kingdom Myeloma Forum. Real-world assessment of the clinical impact of symptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID-19 disease) in patients with multiple myeloma receiving systemic anti-cancer therapy. Br J Haematol. 2020; 190(2): e83–e86.
    CrossRefPubMed
  40. Chari A, Samur MK, Martinez-Lopez J, et al. Clinical features associated with COVID-19 outcome in multiple myeloma: first results from the International Myeloma Society data set. Blood. 2020; 136(26): 3033–3040.
    CrossRefPubMed
  41. Bird S, Panopoulou A, Shea RL, et al. Response to first vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with multiple myeloma. Lancet Haematol. 2021; 8(6): e389–e392.
    CrossRefPubMed
  42. Ludwig H, Boccadoro M, Moreau P, et al. Recommendations for vaccination in multiple myeloma: a consensus of the European Myeloma Network. Leukemia. 2021; 35(1): 31–44.
    CrossRefPubMed
  43. Cordonnier C, Einarsdottir S, Cesaro S, et al. European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia group. Vaccination of haemopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: guidelines of the 2017 European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL 7). Lancet Infect Dis. 2019; 19(6): e200–e212.
    CrossRefPubMed
  44. Paul Y, Aguirre L, Basher F, et al. Hypogammaglobulinemia and its implications in patients treated with daratumumab: a single institution experience. Blood. 2019; 134(Supplement_1): 3131–3131.
    CrossRef
  45. Chapel HM, Lee M, Hargreaves R, et al. Randomised trial of intravenous immunoglobulin as prophylaxis against infection in plateau-phase multiple myeloma. The Lancet. 1994; 343(8905): 1059–1063.
    CrossRef
  46. Musto P, Brugiatelli M, Carotenuto M. Prophylaxis against infections with intravenous immunoglobulins in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol. 1995; 89(4): 945–946.
    CrossRefPubMed
  47. Blombery P, Prince HM, Worth LJ, et al. Prophylactic intravenous immunoglobulin during autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma is not associated with reduced infectious complications. Ann Hematol. 2011; 90(10): 1167–1172.
    CrossRefPubMed
  48. Palumbo A, Hajek R, Delforge M, et al. MM-015 Investigators. Continuous lenalidomide treatment for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2012; 366(19): 1759–1769.
    CrossRefPubMed
  49. Aapro MS, Bohlius J, Cameron DA, et al. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. 2010 update of EORTC guidelines for the use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor to reduce the incidence of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in adult patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and solid tumours. Eur J Cancer. 2011; 47(1): 8–32.
    CrossRefPubMed
  50. Palumbo A, Bladé J, Boccadoro M, et al. How to manage neutropenia in multiple myeloma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2012; 12(1): 5–11.
    CrossRefPubMed
  51. Palumbo A, Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, et al. International Myeloma Working Group. Prevention of thalidomide- and lenalidomide-associated thrombosis in myeloma. Leukemia. 2008; 22(2): 414–423.
    CrossRefPubMed
  52. Zonder JA, Barlogie B, Durie BGM, et al. Thrombotic complications in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone: benefit of aspirin prophylaxis. Blood. 2006; 108(1): 403; author reply 404.
    CrossRefPubMed
  53. Ludwig H, Delforge M, Facon T, et al. Prevention and management of adverse events of Novel agents in multiple myeloma: A consensus of the european myeloma network. Leukemia. 2017 [Epub ahead of print]; 32(7): 1542–1560.
    CrossRefPubMed
  54. Key NS, Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, et al. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: ASCO clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2020; 38(5): 496–520.
    CrossRefPubMed
  55. San Miguel JF, Schlag R, Khuageva NK, et al. VISTA Trial Investigators. Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone for initial treatment of multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359(9): 906–917.
    CrossRefPubMed
  56. Cornell RF, Goldhaber SZ, Engelhardt BG, et al. Primary prevention of venous thromboembolism with apixaban for multiple myeloma patients receiving immunomodulatory agents. Br J Haematol. 2020; 190(4): 555–561.
    CrossRefPubMed
  57. Piedra KM, Hassoun H, Buie L, et al. VTE rates and safety analysis of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients receiving carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (KRD) with or without rivaroxaban prophylaxis. Blood. 2019; 134(Supplement_1): 1835–1835.
    CrossRef
  58. Hutchison CA, Bladé J, Cockwell P, et al. International Kidney and Monoclonal Gammopathy Research Group. Novel approaches for reducing free light chains in patients with myeloma kidney. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2012; 8(4): 234–243.
    CrossRefPubMed
  59. Hutchison CA, Heyne N, Airia P, et al. Immunoglobulin free light chain levels and recovery from myeloma kidney on treatment with chemotherapy and high cut-off haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012; 27(10): 3823–3828.
    CrossRefPubMed
  60. Terpos E, Dimopoulos MA. Myeloma bone disease: pathophysiology and management. Ann Oncol. 2005; 16(8): 1223–1231.
    CrossRefPubMed
  61. Lacy MQ, Dispenzieri A, Gertz MA, et al. Mayo Clinic consensus statement for the use of bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006; 81(8): 1047–1053.
    CrossRefPubMed
  62. Rosen LS, Gordon D, Kaminski M, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid compared with pamidronate disodium in the treatment of skeletal complications in patients with advanced multiple myeloma or breast carcinoma: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, comparative trial. Cancer. 2003; 98(8): 1735–1744.
    CrossRefPubMed
  63. Machado CE, Flombaum CD. Safety of pamidronate in patients with renal failure and hypercalcemia. Clin Nephrol. 1996; 45: 175–179.
  64. Raje N, Terpos E, Willenbacher W, et al. Denosumab versus zoledronic acid in bone disease treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: an international, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2018; 19(3): 370–381.
    CrossRef
  65. Block G, Egbuna O, Zeig S, et al. The evaluation of denosumab safety in patients with chronic kidney disease: An open-label study. J Clin Oncol. 2014; 32(15_Suppl): e20649–e20649.
    CrossRef
  66. Lamy O, Stoll D, Aubry-Rozier B, et al. Stopping denosumab. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2019; 17(1): 8–15.
    CrossRefPubMed
  67. Callander NS, Baljevic M, Adekola K, et al. NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Multiple Myeloma, version 3.2022. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2022; 20(1): 8–19.
    CrossRefPubMed
  68. Richardson PG, Xie W, Mitsiades C, et al. Single-agent bortezomib in previously untreated multiple myeloma: efficacy, characterization of peripheral neuropathy, and molecular correlations with response and neuropathy. J Clin Oncol. 2009; 27(21): 3518–3525.
    CrossRefPubMed
  69. Snowden JA, Ahmedzai SH, Ashcroft J, et al. Haemato-oncology Task Force of British Committee for Standards in Haematology and UK Myeloma Forum. Guidelines for supportive care in multiple myeloma 2011. Br J Haematol. 2011; 154(1): 76–103.
    CrossRefPubMed
  70. Siegel D, Martin T, Nooka A, et al. Integrated safety profile of single-agent carfilzomib: experience from 526 patients enrolled in 4 phase II clinical studies. Haematologica. 2013; 98(11): 1753–1761.
    CrossRefPubMed
  71. Nardone B, Wu S, Garden BC, et al. Risk of rash associated with lenalidomide in cancer patients: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2013; 13(4): 424–429.
    CrossRefPubMed
  72. Tinsley SM, Kurtin SE, Ridgeway JA. Practical Management of Lenalidomide-Related Rash. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2015; 15 Suppl: S64–S69.
    CrossRefPubMed
  73. Kistler KD, Rajangam K, Faich G, et al. Cardiac event rates in patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma in US clinical practice. Blood. 2012; 120(21): 2916–2916.
    CrossRef
  74. Medac GmbH. Doxorubicin hydrochloride: summary of product characteristics 2017. https://www.medicines. org.uk/emc/print-document?documentId=24588 (24 August 2017).
  75. Orlowski RZ, Nagler A, Sonneveld P, et al. Randomized phase III study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin plus bortezomib compared with bortezomib alone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: combination therapy improves time to progression. J Clin Oncol. 2007; 25(25): 3892–3901.
    CrossRef
  76. Dimopoulos MA, Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou V. Adverse effects of thalidomide administration in patients with neoplastic diseases. Am J Med. 2004; 117(7): 508–515.
    CrossRefPubMed
  77. Lafaras C, Mandala E, Verrou E, et al. Non-thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in multiple myeloma, after thalidomide treatment: a pilot study. Ann Oncol. 2008; 19(10): 1765–1769.
    CrossRefPubMed
  78. Mateos MV, Oriol A, Martínez-López J, et al. GEM2005 trial update comparing VMP/VTP as induction in elderly multiple myeloma patients: do we still need alkylators? Blood. 2014; 124(12): 1887–1893.
    CrossRefPubMed
  79. Hasinoff BB, Patel D, Wu X. Molecular mechanisms of the cardiotoxicity of the proteasomal-targeted drugs bortezomib and carfilzomib. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2016; 17(3): 237–250.
    CrossRef
  80. Xiao Yi, Yin J, Wei J, et al. Incidence and risk of cardiotoxicity associated with bortezomib in the treatment of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014; 9(1): e87671.
    CrossRefPubMed
  81. Hájek R, Masszi T, Petrucci MT, et al. A randomized phase III study of carfilzomib vs low-dose corticosteroids with optional cyclophosphamide in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (FOCUS). Leukemia. 2017; 31(1): 107–114.
    CrossRefPubMed
  82. Garderet L, Iacobelli S, Moreau P, et al. Superiority of the triple combination of bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone over the dual combination of thalidomide-dexamethasone in patients with multiple myeloma progressing or relapsing after autologous transplantation: the MMVAR/IFM 2005-04 Randomized Phase III Trial from the Chronic Leukemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. J Clin Oncol. 2012; 30(20): 2475–2482.
    CrossRefPubMed
  83. Harousseau JL, Palumbo A, Richardson PG, et al. Superior outcomes associated with complete response in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients treated with nonintensive therapy: analysis of the phase 3 VISTA study of bortezomib plus melphalan-prednisone versus melphalan-prednisone. Blood. 2010; 116(19): 3743–3750.
    CrossRefPubMed
  84. Rosiñol L, Oriol A, Teruel AI, et al. Programa para el Estudio y la Terapéutica de las Hemopatías Malignas/Grupo Español de Mieloma (PETHEMA/GEM) group. Superiority of bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (VTD) as induction pretransplantation therapy in multiple myeloma: a randomized phase 3 PETHEMA/GEM study. Blood. 2012; 120(8): 1589–1596.
    CrossRefPubMed
  85. Kumar SK, Berdeja JG, Niesvizky R, et al. Safety and tolerability of ixazomib, an oral proteasome inhibitor, in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma: an open-label phase 1/2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2014; 15(13): 1503–1512.
    CrossRefPubMed
  86. Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2016; 37(27): 2129–2200.
    CrossRefPubMed
  87. Chari A, Mezzi K, Zhu S, et al. Incidence and risk of hypertension in patients newly treated for multiple myeloma: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Cancer. 2016; 16(1): 912.
    CrossRefPubMed
  88. Palumbo A, Chanan-Khan A, Weisel K, et al. CASTOR Investigators. Daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375(8): 754–766.
    CrossRefPubMed
  89. The Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Seventh joint annual report on the prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure 2004. The Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure..
  90. Usmani SZ, Nahi H, Plesner T, et al. Daratumumab monotherapy in patients with treatment-refractory multiple myeloma (SIRIUS): an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2016; 387(10027): 1551–1560.
    CrossRefPubMed
  91. Zonder JA, Mohrbacher AF, Singhal S, et al. A phase 1, multicenter, open-label, dose escalation study of elotuzumab in patients with advanced multiple myeloma. Blood. 2012; 120(3): 552–559.
    CrossRefPubMed
  92. Nooka AK, Gleason C, Sargeant MO, et al. Managing infusion reactions to new monoclonal antibodies in multiple myeloma: daratumumab and elotuzumab. J Oncol Pract. 2018; 14(7): 414–422.
    CrossRefPubMed
  93. https://www ema europa eu/en/documents/product-information/blenrep-epar-product-information_pl pdf (June 17, 2022).
  94. Trudel S, Lendvai N, Popat R, et al. Targeting B-cell maturation antigen with GSK2857916 antibody-drug conjugate in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (BMA117159): a dose escalation and expansion phase 1 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018; 19(12): 1641–1653.
    CrossRefPubMed
  95. Lonial S, Lee HC, Badros A, et al. Belantamab mafodotin for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (DREAMM-2): a two-arm, randomised, open-label, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2020; 21(2): 207–221.
    CrossRefPubMed
  96. Farooq AV, Degli Esposti S, Popat R, et al. Corneal epithelial findings in patients with multiple myeloma treated with antibody-drug conjugate belantamab mafodotin in the pivotal, randomized, DREAMM-2 study. Ophthalmol Ther. 2020; 9(4): 889–911.
    CrossRefPubMed
  97. Popat R, Nooka A, Stockerl-Goldstein K, et al. DREAMM-6: safety, tolerability and clinical activity of belantamab mafodotin (Belamaf) in combination with bortezomib/dexamethasone (BorDex) in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Blood. 2020; 136(Suppl 1): 19–20.
    CrossRef
  98. Lee DW, Santomasso BD, Locke FL, et al. ASTCT consensus grading for cytokine release syndrome and neurologic toxicity associated with immune effector cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2019; 25(4): 625–638.
    CrossRefPubMed
  99. Nerreter T, Letschert S, Götz R, et al. Super-resolution microscopy reveals ultra-low CD19 expression on myeloma cells that triggers elimination by CD19 CAR-T. Nat Commun. 2019; 10(1): 3137.
    CrossRefPubMed
  100. Madduri D, Berdeja J, Usmani S, et al. CARTITUDE-1: phase 1b/2 study of ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Blood. 2020; 136(Suppl 1): 22–25.
    CrossRef
  101. Cohen AD, Garfall AL, Stadtmauer EA, et al. B cell maturation antigen-specific CAR T cells are clinically active in multiple myeloma. J Clin Invest. 2019; 129(6): 2210–2221.
    CrossRefPubMed
  102. Lin Yi, Raje N, Berdeja J, et al. Idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel, bb2121), a BCMA-directed CAR T cell therapy, in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: updated results from phase 1 CRB-401 study. Blood. 2020; 136(Suppl 1): 26–27.
    CrossRef
  103. Radhakrishnan SV, Luetkens T, Scherer SD, et al. CD229 CAR T cells eliminate multiple myeloma and tumor propagating cells without fratricide. Nat Commun. 2020; 11(1): 798.
    CrossRefPubMed
  104. Gargett T, Brown MP. The inducible caspase-9 suicide gene system as a "safety switch" to limit on-target, off-tumor toxicities of chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Front Pharmacol. 2014; 5: 235.
    CrossRefPubMed

Regulations

Important: This website uses cookies. More >>

The cookies allow us to identify your computer and find out details about your last visit. They remembering whether you've visited the site before, so that you remain logged in - or to help us work out how many new website visitors we get each month. Most internet browsers accept cookies automatically, but you can change the settings of your browser to erase cookies or prevent automatic acceptance if you prefer.

By VM Media Group sp. z o.o., Grupa Via Medica, ul. Świętokrzyska 73, 80–180 Gdańsk, Poland
phone: +48 58 320 94 94, fax: +48 58 320 94 60, e-mail: viamedica@viamedica.pl