Vol 24, No 1 (2018)
Review paper
Published online: 2018-04-12
The role of alpha-1-antitrypsin protein in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm
DOI: 10.5603/AA.2018.0006
Acta Angiologica 2018;24(1):30-33.
Abstract
Alpha-1-antitrypsin is a potent antiprotease playing an important role in maintaining protease-antiprotease
balance. It protects the structures of extracellular matrix against destruction by proteolytic enzymes. Loss of
elasticity occurs when increased protease activity is accompanied by qualitative impairment or reduced concentrations
of antiproteases. Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is a risk factor for obstructive lung disease, including
emphysema, liver and kidney disorders and, less often, follicular panniculitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis
(previously Wegener’s granulomatosis). Literature also emphasises the role of AAT in the development of aortic
aneurysms, and results of biochemical studies support this theory. Aortic aneurysm is an important clinical
problem, unceasingly associated with high mortality. For this reason, it is exceptionally important to identify its
risk factors. Studies on the relationship between AAT and development of AAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm)
have been conducted since the 1990s. Due to the development in molecular diagnostic techniques, new reports
on the topic appeared over the last decade.
Keywords: abdominal aortic aneurysmalpha-1-antitrypsin
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